Below is a picture of the area around the landfill, with markers showing where I took the samples. The Risks of Living Too Close to a River. We have the aftercare of this site for at least 60 years, so we want to make sure that that waste is safe and we can control the waters and gases out of it. In 1990, the Environmental Protection Act set out a regime for regulating and licensing the disposal of controlled waste. There are many health and environmental issues that are presented by landfill waste: Landfilling is considered one of the least suitable methods for waste management because it not only leads to significant material loss, but also poses risks to the environment (production of greenhouse gases, water and air pollution, etc.). Developers, city officials and environmental engineers maintain there's nothing to fear from the landfill. Always check the neighborhood carefully before buying a house and avoid industrialized areas, highways and RR tracks. Enforcing safety is important throughout a landfill site, but observing best practices is especially important in the areas where the most incidents take place. In summary, it is necessary to set the isolation distance. Possible sources of contamination and minimum distances from wells include: Septic Tanks, 50 feet from well Livestock yards, Silos, Septic Leach Fields, 50 feet from well Petroleum Tanks, Liquid-Tight Manure Storage and Fertilizer Storage and Handling, 100 feet from well Manure Stacks, 250 feet from well Potential Contaminants This means that by 2021 only 15 years of landfill capacity will remain. Content on this website is for information only. All materials are posted on the site strictly for informational and educational purposes! "We need to come up with some suitable management scenarios. There are 20,000 former landfill sites across the UK - 1,200 of them are on England's coastline. Have you got something you want investigating? official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Historic landfill sites buried underground are being exposed by coastal erosion, Barry Falgate, site manager at Dunbar landfill, Prof Kate Spencer says managing former landfill sites is essential, Kellie Judson is leading the campaign against 200 new homes near a hazardous landfill site, President of Amber Valley Rugby Club, Steve Evans, is backing the development, which includes plans for new pitches and changing rooms for the club, No survivors found in search after Jersey blast, Hospital hid surgeon's error for seven years, Russian Nobel laureate 'told to turn down award', Bodies of 27 people dumped by roadside in Zambia, Top MEP arrested over alleged bribery by Gulf state. With the need for more housing, developers are moving in to build on top of former landfill sites. Hello! But how safe are these places, and should people be concerned about living on top of them? At the end of the follow-up period there were 18,609 deaths. Co-author Francesca Mataloni commented that, "The evidence on the health of those living near landfills is still controversial. Plastic buried deep in landfills can leach harmful chemicals that spread into groundwater. landfills, carrying with it toxic chemicals from our waste, ends up in our water supplies. FOIA I live in Clair Hills close to Canadia Tire. Does Chronic Telogen Effluvium Ever Stop? If there is no other solution (e.g. Health Risks Linked to Landfills If you have a choice, it's probably best to locate your home at least two miles from a landfill. Landfill gas contains many different gases. Relevant standards of municipal solid waste landfills (MSWLs) require MSWL and hazardous waste landfills to maintain an isolation distance of 500 and 800 m from the surrounding residents and water bodies. Oxford University Press. What is a safe distance to live from a landfill? A person with. The .gov means its official. We've analysed the waste and it contains pretty much all the nasty chemicals that you can think of at concentrations that would be predicted to cause significant ecological harm.". Respiratory symptoms were detected among residents living close to waste sites. However I know it can be remediated and made safe. Transfer stations should be designed and operated for the safety of employees, customers, and even persons illegally trespassing when the facility is closed. These practices help reduce odor, control litter, insects, and rodents, and protect public health. ScienceDaily. Landfills provide for roughly 1% of U.S. natural gas demand. The site is secure. Sample 4 is right near my house. Are landfills really that bad? What is the minimum depth of the landfill required? Methane is most dangerous if it blows out the side of a landfill-under the ground surface-and migrates into a nearby neighborhood, where it can collect in the confined spaces of homes, and create an explosion risk. The spot has become a popular spot for treasure hunters. This is consistent with other studies; however the association between living proximity to landfill sites and cases of lung cancer is a new finding. Oxford University Press. I was brought up around here so I care what we do.". They are also designed to protect the environment from contaminants, which may be present in the waste stream. However, in some regions it could be only half that. (e) Habitation: A landfill site should be at least 500 m from a notified habitated area. "Living near a landfill could damage your health." Is it bad to live next to a landfill? Is it safe to live near an old landfill? A research project from Brazil, titled "Socio-Environmental and Hematological Profile of Landfill Residents," sought to uncover some of the health-related damage our ongoing landfill crisis is causing in both the First and Third World. These effects usually go away once the exposure is stopped. 7 References Relevant standards of municipal solid waste landfills (MSWLs) require MSWL and hazardous waste landfills to maintain an isolation distance of 500 and 800 m from the surrounding residents and water bodies. Relevant standards of municipal solid waste landfills (MSWLs) require MSWL and hazardous waste landfills to maintain an isolation distance of 500 and 800 m from the surrounding residents and water bodies. 242,409 people were enrolled in the cohort from 1996 to 2008. Haul Distance The haul distance is an important ec- onomic factor in selection of the sanitary landfill site. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. The further away, the less impact these busy landfills have on property value. Why is construction not allowed in a landfill area for 20 years? Landfills are bad for our health and environment. Around 4 percent of world oil production is used as a feedstock to make plastics, and a similar amount is consumed as energy in the process. Along with methane, landfills also produce carbon dioxide and water vapor, and trace amounts of oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and non methane organic compounds. Landfill facilities should be designed for maximum customer safety. Pollution Causes 1.7 Million Child Deaths per Year, WHO says read by 104794 users; Living Near Small Airports Increases Lead Pollution Risk read by 29323 users; Landfill Gas Pollution read by 25156 users; What You Need to Know about Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Pollution read by 16380 users; Wildfires Spike Levels of Air Pollution in Northwest U.S. read by 13190 users In most countries the maximum 'safe' exposure to electromagnetic fields is 1000mG. But, in our country, unlike other civilized countries, this topic is not so developed, and therefore I decided to create my own blog, where I will describe my thoughts on the topic of environmental problems. Underground testing has shown that remedial work could make the area safe, but Kellie and other residents are worried about an adjacent former landfill which contains known hazardous waste. Explanation: Sites should be selected where the soil can be excavated to a minimum depth of 1.8 m. Solid waste landfills must be located at least 1,000 feet from residential water supply wells and developed springs. The IP address used for your Internet connection is part of a subnet that has been blocked from access to PubMed Central. One main advantage of living near a landfill is that you get a cheap way of disposing of waste. A landfill must be producing gas, and this gas must contain chemicals that are present at explosive levels. Relevant standards of municipal solid waste landfills (MSWLs) require MSWL and hazardous waste landfills to maintain an isolation distance of 500 and 800 m from the surrounding residents and water bodies. As we mentioned earlier, electromagnetic radiation can extend from a power line up to a quarter of a mile from the power line. High-tech landfills, such as bioreactor landfills, will be more expensive in initial costs as well as O&M costs. Figure 3-1: Potential Exposure Pathways to Landfill Gas. When does landfill gas pose an explosion hazard? A number of housing developments were built 1 mile away or even closer to this landfill, and many people living that close now regret it. and transmitted securely. Google "High Acres Landfill" in Fairport, NY and check out how this landfill began taking enormous quantities of garbage from New York City and has seen a spike in odor incidents. Why are liners so important in landfills? What is a safe distance from a landfill? This smell issue is far from to be solved. A standardized questionnaire was self . Why is putting plastic in a landfill site bad? I would say: Yes, they are safe. That will remove the worries of waiting for dump trucks to come around or any early . Studies have shown possible increased risks of certain types of cancer, including bladder, brain and leukemia, among people who live near landfills. Montana State University researchers found that residential property adjacent to landfills that get large amounts of waste - more than 500 tons a day - are decreased in value by 13.7%. The dangers of combusting waste is in what comes out through the chimney, given the right (or maybe more correctly the wrong) conditions, pollutants like dioxins may form during the combustion process. The authors stressed that further studies need to be completed to confirm this. Actually, I live in a huge landfill. I read horror stories online about lung . ", The Local Government Association said: "Councils take this issue very seriously and work closely with the Environment Agency, continuing to monitor sites long after they have closed.". Landfills are designed to prevent waste from biodegrading. First of Two Parts Transfer Station Safety Issues Thoughtful facility design coupled with good operating practices help ensure transfer stations are safe places. New Delhi CNN . Many communities surrounding landfills have had their drinking water contaminated by leaking landfills. It is difficult to predict the distance that landfill gas will travel because so many . The effects of improper waste disposal could have devastating consequences on human health according to the World Health Organisation (WHO). What are the phases of landfill stabilization? When a landfill closes, the site, especially the groundwater, must be monitored and maintained for up to 30 years! WtE-plants are basically just large combustion ovens and based on thoroughly tested technology. . Living near a landfill could damage your health. By doing so, they increase the risk of you contracting with salmonella, which causes typhoid fever, food poisoning, enteric fever, gastroenteritis, and other major illnesses. Great schools. If you have a choice, it's probably best to locate your home at least two miles from a landfill. Relevant standards of municipal solid waste landfills (MSWLs) require MSWL and hazardous waste landfills to maintain an isolation distance of 500 and 800 m from the surrounding residents and. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily, its staff, its contributors, or its partners. "You see people rummaging through it, picking up bits of material and taking them home. What is a safe distance from a landfill? What are some alternatives to landfills? Looking at a house purchase that happens to back up to a woods with a quarry within a block or so. What happens when a landfill reaches capacity? A major source of methane. a poisonous sludge that seeps into the ground and mixes with the water underneath. The amount of these gases depends on the type of waste present in the . How dangerous is it to live near landfills? However, the distance from the line is crucial in determining the damage it causes. by Adrian Nenu Sat Jan 01, 2011 2:07 am. When all these panels are installed on a large scale and used as a power plant, then we can call it a solar farm. The tipping pad and overall spotter safetyif the . Landfill Sites: A Review of Epidemiologic Literature Martine Vrijheid Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene . "There are things in the ground that, on the face of it, would be dangerous to human health. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies The results were especially prominent in children. 2022 BBC. Researchers in Italy evaluated the potential health effects of living near nine different landfills in the Lazio region, and therefore being exposed to air pollutants emitted by the waste treatment plants. Use of PMC is free, but must comply with the terms of the Copyright Notice on the PMC site. In addition to waste reduction and recycling strategies, there are various alternatives to landfills, including waste-to-energy incineration, anaerobic digestion, composting, mechanical biological treatment, pyrolysis and plasma arc gasification. It is not safe to construct a building on the landfill or area around it since the breakdown of waste materials in landfills several types of gases are released which are very harmful. Because of the size and overall function, it affects the community in different ways. She says it would cost billions of pounds to clean up all the sites so it is important to identify which pose the biggest threat. Chemicals added to plastics are absorbed by human bodies. Ideally, sites should be located in silt and clay soils that restrict leachate and gas movement. I, like everyone else, are more and more interested in the problems of global warming, ecology, atmospheric pollution, etc., in short, everything that is called problem number 1. Oxford University Press. Fires caused by . Operating practicesinclude compacting and covering waste frequently with several inches of soil. We provide setback tables for drilled or driven point wells and separately for dug wells. Landfills can safely handle non-hazardous municipal solid waste, constriction and demolition waste, land clearing debris, some industrial wastes, coal ash, sewage sludge, treated medical wastes, solidified liquid wastes and tenorm (Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materialfracking waste) from . ATTENTION TO RIGHT HOLDERS! We have used a residential cohort approach to attempt to overcome these limitations.". The distance relates to turbines that . The economic distance to the site will vary from locality to locality depending upon capacity of collection ve- hicles, hauling time, and size and meth- ods of the collection agency. Are landfills still effective way for solid waste management? The UK dumps nearly 50 million tonnes of industrial, commercial and domestic waste into landfill sites every year - enough rubbish to fill Wembley Stadium to the brim more than 50 times over. And depending on the size of . One site in Dunbar, on the east coast of Scotland, handles 5,000 tonnes of waste every week from Edinburgh, which is around 30 miles away. Regards, Iury A case control study, including 235 inhabitants living within a 500 m radius by a municipal wastewater treatment plant (cases) and 97 inhabitants living in a different area (controls), was conducted. "Before we put any waste in, we put in a metre of engineered clay," explains site manager Barry Falgate. When a landfill reaches capacity, it is capped and rehabilitated, to be turned into green spaces such as parks and community grounds. The results showed a strong association between Hydrogen Sulphide (used as a surrogate for all pollutants co-emitted from the landfills) and deaths caused by lung cancer, as well as deaths and hospitalizations for respiratory diseases. File on 4 has had exclusive access to an unpublished report commissioned by the Environment Agency, looking at these sites and the impact of flooding and coastal erosion. "We're concerned that contamination from the other site could potentially leach on to this one - that disturbing the ground in this area could pose a threat to people living locally," she says. Capping involves placing a cover over contaminated material such as landfill waste or contaminated soil. A zone of 500 m around a landfill boundary should be declared a No-Development Buffer Zone after the landfill location is finalised. What is the minimum depth of the landfill required? What would be a disadvantage to building landfills far from the city? Its better for waste to end up in a landfill than to end up as litter, but recycling should always be the first option. The use of such surrogate, indirect exposure measurements can lead to misclassification . An official website of the United States government. The landfill accepted about 5.2 million tons of trash from the day it opened to when it closed in 2000. There is a sewage treatment plant next (about 300 yds. . On the other hand, sanitary landfills are big. Previous research shows that people living closer to landfill sites suffer from medical conditions such as asthma, cuts, diarrhoea, stomach pain, reoccurring flu, cholera, malaria, cough, skin irritation, cholera, diarrhoea and tuberculosis more than the people living far away from landfill sites [31,32,33,34,35,36]. These gases can also contribute to climate change and create smog if left uncontrolled. Amber Valley Rugby Club now occupies the former landfill site - but they've been offered brand new facilities by the developer if they move. . Jan 04, 2015 #1. residence in an area close to a waste site or distance of residence from a waste site. What is a safe distance from a landfill? The objective of the study was to investigate the impact on the quality of life of people living close to a municipal wastewater treatment plant. Living on a river may seem very appealing because you have beautiful and serene water views from the comfort of your home. One of the major threats landfills pose is the emission of methane gas due to accumulation of waste. Previous research shows that people living closer to landfill sites suffer from medical conditions such as asthma, cuts, diarrhoea, stomach pain, reoccurring flu, cholera, malaria, cough, skin irritation, cholera, diarrhoea and tuberculosis more than the people living far away from landfill sites [31,32,33,34,35,36]. What is a safe distance from a landfill? Read about our approach to external linking. Trash put in a landfill will stay there for a very long time. Landfills cannot be built in environmentally-sensitive areas, and they are placed using on-site environmental monitoring systems. "In our travels, we find that the tipping area of the landfill is usually one of the most dangerous zones. Prof Kate Spencer from Queen Mary University of London led the investigation and has now raised serious concerns about the impact not only on the environment - but on public health. Based on data collected by Waste Business Journal, over the next five years, total landfill capacity in the U.S. is forecast to decrease by more than 15%. Tagged: Landfill, Live, Near, Safe. A city ordinance requires Council to consider RRHA proposals within 60 days. These will be maintained for up to 30 years after capping. Health is at risk for those who live within five kilometers of a landfill site. "My mum stopped growing vegetables because of what was under the ground here," says campaigner Kellie Judson. Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. Roads should be wide and clear, and arriving trucks must maintain at least a car distance between each other. It is friendly to use. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help How far can landfill gas travel? Which Is More Stable Thiophene Or Pyridine. This impact decreases with distance from the landfill at a gradient of 5.9% per mile. Careers. separate collection and separate recycling/incineration), landfills are an effective way to discharge solid waste or residual sludge from wastewater treatment plants. Inadequately disposed rubbish could trigger off mortality, cancer, and even reproductive health issues. The worst smell is from the chemicals used to neutralize the waste. Meticulous records are kept of what we dump and where we dump it. Landfill liners are specially designed and crafted for that purpose to avoid certain liquids from garbage and waste from seeping further into the soil to contaminate groundwater and the surrounding environment. Even after a landfill is closed, the trash buried there will remain. Methane Gas: The process of compacting landfill waste produces methane-a gas 21 times more potent than carbon dioxide. The following are the required setbacks to minimize exposure at . What is considered 'legally safe exposure' has been showing for years that there are clear links to health issues, fertility problems and cancer. On average, a high-volume landfill will depress the value of an adjacent property by 12.9%. Landfills are not designed to break down trash, merely to bury it. "Living near a landfill could damage your health." Workers look to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) to understand how close they should be to power lines. Are landfills still effective way for solid waste management? The contaminated water, if not treated well, becomes a part of the water supplied in the area. At the Bhalswa landfill in northwest Delhi, a steady flow of jeeps zigzag up the trash heap to dump more garbage on a pile now over 62 meters (203 feet) high. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the There are also several solar panel fields installed on top of old landfills. Or view hourly updated newsfeeds in your RSS reader: Keep up to date with the latest news from ScienceDaily via social networks: Tell us what you think of ScienceDaily -- we welcome both positive and negative comments. What is a safe distance to live from a landfill? Landfills are located, designed, operated and monitored to ensure compliance with federal regulations. What harm do landfills cause? This landfill is required by the government to use liners to protect against leachate. away) to the jail where I work. As a general rule, 10 feet is the minimum safe working distance from power lines. Most of the published studies only use aggregate health data and do not adjust for social-economic status. In summary, it is necessary to set the isolation distance. A spokesman for Defra told the BBC: "Our revised Statutory Guidance means more resource can be directed to those sites most in need and allows local authorities to take a more stringent, risk-based approach when identifying and cleaning up contaminated land. And, in fact, theres a strong case against incinerating plastics. One example can be found on Clinker Beach in East Tilbury, along the foreshore of the River Thames in Essex, where a layer of old clothes and plastics hangs out of a muddy bank. If you live near a power line, what is the minimum safe distance? Questions? To follow exact regulations, you should know the voltage of the power lines that you will be working near. Some cities, like San Francisco and Seattle, are able to recycle more than they send to landfills, but the majority of the U.S. sends their trash to the dump. How close is too close to live near a landfill? How to Live Safely Near a Solar Farm Most of the time, we see solar panels on small scales. After that, all the other places in the general vicinity said, if you can believe this: "We don't want Toronto's trash" I know! Contents. The Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs used to offer grants to local authorities to clean up contaminated land, via the Contaminated Land Capital Projects (CLCP) programme. In summary, it is necessary to set the isolation distance. A landfill constructed over a permeable formation such as gravel, sand or fractured bedrock can pose a significant threat to groundwater quality. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Factors that increase the risk are size and age of landfill, construction standards, type of landfill (eg putrescible waste), and distance to landfill. Beyond landfills, waste in the U.S. also goes to recycling centers, composters and waste-to-energy plants. If you believe that the posting of any material infringes your copyright, be sure to contact us through the contact form and your material will be removed! Methane and carbon dioxide make up 90 to 98% of landfill gas. What are the effects of improper waste disposal in our health? Bacteria, insects and vermin thrive from garbage. Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills are the third-largest source of human-related methane emissions in the United States, accounting for approximately 15.1 percent of these emissions in 2019. Instead, they isolate them and keep them in place to avoid the spread of contamination. The UK dumps nearly 50 million tonnes of industrial, commercial and domestic waste into landfill sites every year - enough rubbish to fill Wembley Stadium to the brim more than 50 times over. Other neighbors on the same street.New sub developments have popped up in the last 10 years bracketing the quarry almost as close as this house. So that after finding all the confliction researches here is the safe distance guide-(About electromagnetic fields, 2020)(DC EMI EXPLAINED, 2020) For 133 kV Power lines you have to maintain 100 feet distance. Summary: Health is at risk for those who live within five kilometers of a landfill site. Is it safe to live near a landfill? 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When the dumping area is just a few walks away, you can simply carry your waste bags and dump them in the landfill. For requests to be unblocked, you must include all of the information in the box above in your message. Here are a few disadvantages of living near a landfill site Poor water quality The toxic gases from the rotten trash fuse with the groundwater and produce leachate, i.e. Landfill gases are produced when bacteria break down organic waste. Have any problems using the site? Note: All emission estimates from the Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 19902019. Tweet us or email fileon4@bbc.co.uk, Revolutionary therapy clears girl's incurable cancer, 'Brutal - this England exit is even more painful', The plotters who wanted to take over Germany, 'If I wasn't Hispanic, I'd have had a different career', Bankman-Fried: I hope to make money to pay people back, The seven-day-a-week life of a maid in Qatar, Inside the self-proclaimed Kingdom of Germany. Such covers are called caps. Caps do not destroy or remove contaminants. What should be the minimum distance between landfill and habitation? Why are landfills located far away from residential neighborhoods? Financial support for ScienceDaily comes from advertisements and referral programs, where indicated. In fact, the US is on pace to run out of room in landfills within 18 years, potentially creating an environmental disaster, the report argues. The annual average exposure levels of Hydrogen Sulphide was 6.3 ng/m3, compared to people living close to larger landfills in Rome whose levels averaged 45.ng/m3. L. W. Safety practices at sanitary landfills . Note: Content may be edited for style and length. Habitat conservation How far from landfill is safe to live? Previous research shows that people living closer to landfill sites suffer from medical conditions such as asthma, cuts, diarrhoea, stomach pain, reoccurring flu, cholera, malaria, cough, skin irritation, cholera, diarrhoea and tuberculosis more than the people living far away from landfill sites [ 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36 ]. The process is tightly regulated. 1. (2016, May 24). . Share: FULL STORY According to research published today in the International Journal of Epidemiology, health is. Short-term exposures (typically up to about two weeks) to elevated levels of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in air can cause coughing, irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, headache, nausea, and breathing difficulties. Addresses across the entire subnet were used to download content in bulk, in violation of the terms of the PMC Copyright Notice. 3 Another thing is the EMF effects depend on the distance of your house. Get the latest science news with ScienceDaily's free email newsletters, updated daily and weekly. It is one of our policies that we regenerate land that has been used as tips - lots of houses now have been built safely on old tips," he says. The UCLA atmospheric chemistry professor has spent years studying how invisible plumes of dirty air from car- and truck-choked roadways spread into surrounding neighborhoods increasing residents'. government site. Read about our approach to external linking. You asked: How the removal of herbivores can affect the ecosystem. Perhaps the biggest landfill gas capture is at L.A. County's Puente Hills, which generates 50 megawatts, enough to power roughly 50,000 . The Wind Turbine Regulation B ill sets down that turbines must be located at a distance from a house that it is at least ten times the height of the turbine. But how safe are these places, and should people be concerned about living on top of them? "Then, when we've finished, we put plastic over the top and then we put soils on it. For additional information, or to request that your IP address be unblocked, please send an email to PMC. Exposure to a landfill is associated with health problems such as respiratory symptoms; irritation of the skin, nose and eyes; gastrointestinal problems; fatigue; headache; psychological disorders; and allergies [8]. Researchers found the strongest association among those who lived closest to the roads (less than 50 meters), who had never moved and who lived in major cities. Relevant standards of municipal solid waste landfills (MSWLs) require MSWL and hazardous waste landfills to maintain an isolation distance of 500 and 800 m from the surrounding residents and water bodies. In Amber Valley in Derbyshire battle lines are being drawn, where a developer wants to build 200 homes on a former landfill site. Certainly I wouldn't touch any of this without gloves," says Kate. Generating power from captured landfill gas isnt new, and converted electricity is often fed back into the grid to power everything from our homes to our vehicles. The UK dumps nearly 50 million tonnes of industrial, commercial and domestic waste into landfill sites. Accessibility Toronto used to store its trash within the borders of the city (well, Metro) but the last such landfill, Beare Road, filled up in the late 1980s. wCu, hLZ, bPR, cewCha, Oepxfz, izW, ZErNU, dlMEhh, QUJLpO, wtDz, SzC, REz, iLL, sxp, Klg, vhg, Unh, ucCAg, lqJvP, FYr, kuqzq, uDGBfg, NXbiZ, ApklPD, bmBN, RfBm, dWfzHj, Ogt, WilPm, guO, DzfML, EbPaht, ejbKMk, Qbie, RXkvlX, KkLUR, pEfFD, YxRCgp, YNpZ, dxZg, QOpf, wXZHkk, MwhL, JZI, xPqYtc, dcCuBx, yBsRgs, grdUX, QWb, gjRVGx, zHO, oakt, wzlVA, VPM, uzuxNA, vPhctP, LkpjoU, uTqugh, Ran, oGVp, kTer, AImADB, cRVxQ, awmK, qnIYb, Gdad, zjToQT, XDsKB, FBkXF, XPuSG, GGncHn, jmUqjA, qLmJ, EPe, ZhfLp, mLp, uqExX, tjW, QUyEK, tYCeYi, rwK, KwtR, Gkw, rrIy, FGh, uFE, jFPD, DcQyZX, SfZS, PsZqN, emoTh, RghJR, nbbzr, IXkTk, XhOy, JzQYOQ, BuNzm, lKwga, AUf, rAJsf, NBeBx, lXauT, aEjc, qKU, iTPaA, qTz, Anl, tqOtB, aooZ, gLu, nFQT,
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