muscle spasm after surgery leg

What Are the Side Effects of Multiple Sclerosis Drugs? That's the only thing that will help you. Treating muscle cramps. has anyone had muscle spasms in the leg after trauma or surgery?affected leg spasms every 14 seconds for 3 seconds and can last for 3 hours at worst. Although muscle spasms can happen to any muscle, the most commonly affected muscle groups are: Back of lower leg/calf. The doctor sent her to have an ultrasound to check for a blood clot. Holiday Disney Annual Passholder Discounts Released! Dr. David Fisher answered Orthopedic Surgery 40 years experience Yes: After knee surgery, the knee will ache at night and make sleeping difficult. My husband also had his s1, l4&5 fused back in May of 2007. What does it mean when your leg has spasms? These are mild to severe painful twitching of your affected muscle. Use of the forums is subject to our Terms of Use We also integrate Wellness Nutrition, Wellness Detoxification Protocols and Functional Medicine for chronic musculoskeletal disorders. Injuries like tears, strains, and sprains can lead to leg spasms and frequent cramping. We understand that we cover matters that require an additional explanation of how it may assist in a particular care plan or treatment protocol; therefore, to further discuss the subject matter above, please feel free to ask Dr. Alex Jimenez DC or contact us at 915-850-0900. This unevenness makes your muscles contract on their own and makes them tense. Phone:915-850-0900, North EastRehabilitation & Fitness Center I had surgery in April 2016 on my L4/L5 and woke up out of recovery in severe muscle spasms in my back, hip, and down my right leg. The proper course of treatment for leg spasms depends on the severity and underlying cause/s. The hands correlate with the five finger El Paso, TX | Sciatica Pain and Treatment Clinic. Leg spasms, also known as muscle cramps, are involuntary muscle contractions that fail to release, states the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Our programs are natural and use the body's ability to achieve specific measured goals, rather than introducing harmful chemicals, controversial hormone replacement, un-wanted surgeries, or addictive drugs. I am still going for PT. Our clinical information meets the standards set by the NHS in their Standard for Creating Health Content guidance. They arent FDA-approved for treating MS symptoms. I have diazepam still, but I'm really scared of getting hooked, so I'm really carefully to only take 6 in day an 2 when I wake up at 3am. His spasms are so severe that it causes spasms throughout his whole body, including his face. Let us help you with your next Disney Vacation. Most cramps will go away on their own within a minutes. My chiropractor has helped the most. This can last a few seconds to a few minutes. We use advanced proven therapies focused on optimal Mobility, Posture Control, Deep Health Instruction, Integrative & Functional Medicine, Functional Fitness, Chronic Degenerative Disorder Treatment Protocols, and Structural Conditioning. Drink water for a calorie free drink, its a better habit. Is there anything or anyone who has an answer to this problem. It feels like I am being hit in the knee with a cattle prod when it happens. It's usually caused by a strained back muscle. doctor is stumped.this is not just at night, i stretch. I suffer from muscle spasms which I've had for over 25yrs due to MS. After my hip surgery the spasms have gotten very bad especially in bed at night. Muscle relaxants are often prescribed to help reduce pain and symptoms of spasticity. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. It really ought to be against the law for back surgery except. You might feel spasticity either as stiffness that doesnt go away or as movements you cant control that come and go, especially at night. 2015 1113. Botulinum toxin. The goals of rehabilitation are to eliminate pain, normalize spinal mechanics, and improve neuromuscular . Living With the Land Holiday Overlay at EPCOT has a New Name, Universal's Great Movie Escape Isn't An Average Escape Room, New Journey of Water Attraction at EPCOT Welcomes Te Fiti. This can cause radiating leg pain and spasms, specifically in the back of the thigh. Over time, this deficiency can damage the nerves that send signals from the brain and spine to the legs. . 9 users are following. Patient aims to help the world proactively manage its healthcare, supplying evidence-based information on a wide range of medical and health topics to patients and health professionals. Prior to the surgery the spasms were problematic, but not nearly as persistent as after the surgery. You are using an out of date browser. Eat Better Although there are steps you can take to prevent a muscle spasm and treat it when it attacks, those methods are not always reliable. To avoid leg cramps in the future, drink plenty of fluids before and during exercise. Many people with multiple sclerosis have stiff muscles and spasms, a condition called spasticity. It is not intended to be and should not be interpreted as medical advice or a diagnosis of any health or fitness problem, condition or disease; or a recommendation for a specific test, doctor, care provider, procedure, treatment plan, product, or course of action. Try our Symptom Checker Got any other symptoms? Was a bit stiff and wound quite painful, but sciatic pain gone. Learn which deficiencies may be to blame, how to deal with cramping and the best supplements for leg cramps. I have tried lyrica, neurontin.. Muscle cramps anywhere in the body cause sudden contraction of the muscle. It happens mostly in the muscles of the legs and arms, and it may keep you from moving your limbs freely. We watched discovery health one evening and a guy suffered this same problem. This is very serious and more common after a surgery. I'd get yourself checked for blood clots ASAP. You may also feel like your muscle is twisted into a tight and hard knot. I was prescribed Tizanidine by my surgeon to alleviate the pain associated with these spasm. If your levels are 0.3 to 1.0 you are probably ok, however if your Cobalt or Chromium level is over 5.0 this could cause real health problems, & more than just tremmors, it can cause : Brain slowing & cognitive problems, fatigue, Thyroid problems, heart problems. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Follow Posted 8 years ago, 13 users are following. Icing or Heating. Registered in England and Wales. The spasms have affected my sleep patterns, and I have not had a decent nights sleep since the surgery. The spasm occurs abruptly, is painful, and is usually short-lived. 05-15-2013, 06:32 PM. Fyi: I started Pt 2 months ago. It will help.. Keep me posted.. We use functional health & wellness protocols to treat and support care for the injuries or disorders of the musculoskeletal system. Patient is a UK registered trade mark. NOW I really am an old man. Hi, I fell about 2yrs ago and needed a partial hip replacement. Muscle spasms (in calf) and back surgery. All rights reserved. Always speak to your doctor before acting and in cases of emergency seek Muscle relaxants, stretching and massage are most likely to help. Had straightforward (right side) L5/S1 microdiscectomy 10 Sep 2014, . The client states, I dont want to live with only one leg. Inflammation can occur with little to no visible symptoms following surgery or injury. What I really need to know is how much longer these will go on?? I have loss of sensation throughout my lower half of my body..I could scratch my legs up and wouldn't feel it.. Benzodiazepines. Read More Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Christmas shopping help needed. We encourage you to make your own healthcare decisions based on your research and partnership with a qualified healthcare professional. Lack of fluids can cause the nerve endings to become sensitized, triggering muscle contractions. It can feel like a muscle tightening, or it can be very painful. If your doctors are stumped, do not give up trying to find a solution. They no longer allow the muscles to take on as much load or as much length. Posted I have the most amazing therapist. A leg spasm is a sudden, sharp contraction or tightening of a muscle in the leg. Treatment of these spasms should include both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions. If the spasms continue after other remedies, and inflammation is involved, place an ice pack, wrapped in a towel, on the area, or ask for assistance if unreachable, for 15 to . Muscle spasms or cramps are the involuntary and uncontrollable movement of your muscles. diet coke can cause leg cramps. Our office has made a reasonable attempt to provide supportive citations and has identified the relevant research study or studies supporting our posts. There seems to have been no improvement in the last eight weeks, and nothing I do, e.g. It's usually caused by a strained back muscle. This can take days to weeks. Generally deficiencies of any of the above can cause muscle twitching and spasms in localized or generalized areas of the body. They wanted me to get an epidural but I refused. Blood Clots crossed my mind but then since both legs are cramping a bit at the top I thought probably not. About 2 weeks later she started having calf pain-horrible charlie horses. They include: Skeletal muscle relaxants. You must log in or register to reply here. The first thing that comes to mind is blood clots. 3. We provide copies of supporting research studies available to regulatory boards and the public upon request. I cant start proper PT cos I cant drive to hospital, cant sit in waiting room etc and the PT is only prescribed for my back and said he cant do anything until spasms go. He seemed to think was a short term reaction to op and gave me couple of days worth of diazepam 2mg. Leg pain can be caused by a variety of factors, including clots in the blood, varicose veins, and low blood flow. When this spasms subside, they will disappear. Prescribed Medication Muscle spasms after spinal cord injury can be painful depending on the severity. We Specialize in Treating Severe Sciatica, Neck-Back Pain, Whiplash, Headaches, Knee Injuries, Sports Injuries, Dizziness, Poor Sleep, Arthritis. Interventions for leg cramps in pregnancy. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews vol. We provide and present clinical collaboration with specialists from a wide array of disciplines. This is an involuntary function and can include the following symptoms: Soreness and discomfort can be mild to extreme. It's made a big difference. MS vs. Lou Gehrig's Disease: What's the Difference? We use Specialized Chiropractic Protocols, Wellness Programs, Functional & Integrative Nutrition, Agility & Mobility Fitness Training and Cross-Fit Rehabilitation Systems for all ages. My Digital Business Card, East Side: Main Clinic* Which treatments have you tried, and how well did they work. A nurse cares for an older adult client who is recovering from a leg amputation surgery. If that's not an issue it could be a potassium deficiency and/or dehydration. Sometimes unexpected spasms of the leg muscles occur after surgery, usually as the person is healing from the operation. Dr. Alex Jimenez DC, MSACP, CCST, IFMCP*, CIFM*, ATN*, email: coach@elpasofunctionalmedicine.com, Dr. Alex Jimenez DC, MSACP, CIFM*, IFMCP*, ATN*, CCST They have tried almost everything.. All kinds of injections, before surgery after surgery, pain clinics, my god the list never stops. 8 years ago, Muscle Spasm After Surgery Leg A muscle spasm is an involuntary contraction of a muscle. I feel for all of you who are suffering with this same problem. 11860 Vista Del Sol, Ste 128 There are many different causes of leg pain, including muscle cramps and tendonitis. 2012,9 CD009402. If physical and occupational therapy dont help, your doctor may want you to try medications. The spasms gave gotten much better. Leg spasms and cramps are common conditions where the muscles in the leg suddenly become tight and painful. It may not display this or other websites correctly. It relaxes your muscles by decreasing nerve stimulation. It blocks the nerve messages that tell your muscles to tighten up. I have to continue stretching almost daily to avoid such spasms. My daughter pulled a bunch of tendons in her foot and was having aches in her calf. The goal is to relieve pain or ease muscle tension. I am taking lyrics and pain meds and also muscle relaxer and it doesn't seem to help. 2015. I am so young, but I have been dealing with this for almost half of my life now!! A lower back spasm makes you feel like you can't move. He now has severe muscle spasms in his lower back that nothing seems to help. Muscle cramps anywhere in the body cause sudden contraction of the muscle. I need to know.thanks. If the pain is still there after 3 months, it is unlikely to improve on its own. We understand that we cover matters that require an additional explanation of how it may assist in a particular care plan or treatment protocol; therefore, to further discuss the subject matter above, please feel free to ask, Track Inflammation and Fluid Imbalances From Injury or Surgery, The Latest Guidelines: Male Hormones | Part 1, Jackknife Tractor-Trailer Accidents and Crashes, Dr. Alex Jimenez Presents: Treatments For Adrenal Insufficiency, Dr. Alex Jimenez Presents: The Symptoms Of Adrenal Insufficiencies, Dr. Alex Jimenez Presents: A Look Into Hormonal Dysfunction, @https://www.instagram.com/dralexjimenez/, Spinal Injury Could Cause Neurogenic Bladder Dysfunction, Differential Diagnosis in Sciatica Part 1, Differential Diagnosis in Sciatica Part 2, Nutrition Support For Adrenal Fatigue: Sciatica Wellness Clinic, Pulled Back Muscles: Sciatica Functional Wellness Clinic, Ladder Falls and Injuries: Sciatica Functional Wellness Clinic, Dr. Alex Jimenez Presents: Treatments For Hormonal Dysfunction & PTSD. Any redness or swelling? When the body sweats, it loses water and electrolytes. They diagnosed him, but I don't remember the name of his problem. Any information regarding this topic would be greatly appreciated. I had a laminectomy and spinal fusion (L4-5) performed. These drugs relieve the muscle tension of spasticity. We use effective "Patient Focused Diet Plans", Specialized Chiropractic Techniques, Mobility-Agility Training, Cross-Fit Protocols, and the Premier "PUSH Functional Fitness System" to treat patients suffering from various injuries and health problems. I had surgery in 2013 and I couldn't sit on my legs without a pillow had severe nerve damage and then had a L5 S1 spinal fusion and I swear I am worse I have severe muscle spasms through the night that I want to cry I have to get up and walk them out and they also comes in my thigh. My husband had this same kind of surgery 6 weeks ago. If they are particularly troublesome, your doctor can prescribe a muscle relaxant medicine, which can help. Many people use their hands when going to work or doing normal things in their daily lives. A number of years back I had a reaction to anaesthesia that caused cramping. If pills dont work, your doctor might be able to put a pump inside your body to deliver the medication directly to your spinal fluid (such as the baclofen pump). These surgeries can help, but theyre usually only for extreme cases of spasticity and are rarely performed in patients with MS.. National Multiple Sclerosis Society: "Spasticity, " Medical Marijuana (Cannabis) FAQs., Multiple Sclerosis Society: "Muscle spasms and stiffness," 5 myths about cannabis and MS., Medscape: Multiple Sclerosis Medication, Which medications in the drug class Benzodiazepines are used in the treatment of Multiple Sclerosis?, The Hillingdon Hospitals: Botulinum Toxin Injections to help Manage Spasticity.. Although many leg spasm episodes go away by themselves, they can disrupt normal activities, exercise regimens, and sleep if they continue and are left untreated. Dr. Michael Bolesta answered Orthopedic Surgery 41 years experience It varies: It depends on how much irritation there was before surgery, how long it was there, and how much of those tissues were manipulated during that procedur. In 2007 I had a laminectomy @ L4-5 and in 2014 a nerve decompression at L5-S1. He stretches me a lot!!! Tried all the cramp "tricks", stretching leg, trying to "walk it off" etc nothing worked. . Patient does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Cramps affect skeletal muscles but typically occur in the hamstring, quadriceps and calf areas. She ended up with vascular damage in that leg and lung damage. My surgeon recommended lyrica for the spasms, but the reason I opted for the surgery was to resolve the problem permanently, and address the root cause, rather than have to rely indefinitely on drugs. They're common, involuntary and unpredictable. What I felt that happened after my surgery, the spine is no longer properly aligned which causes the spasms. A couple of days past and the cramping stopped-then she started having shortness of breath. They usually occur in the calf muscles but can affect any area of the leg, including the feet and thighs. Spasms of these muscles are common postoperatively. If so, what would I do next? Tried all the cramp "tricks", stretching leg, trying to "walk it off" etc nothing worked. Assessing fluid balance in the body and specific segments can help identify inflammation and guide treatment to reduce the risk of re-injury or post-surgery complications. It's hard to go to work daily. Stretching is great for you, and adding extras like resistance bands and foam rollers may give you faster relief from muscle spasms. A patient's leg muscles may become spasms during or after surgery, usually as a result of healing. Arajo, Carla Adriane Leal de et al. Massage Therapy Rehabilitation | El Paso, Tx. Ultimately, I am here to serve my patients and community as a Chiropractor passionately restoring functional life and facilitating living through increased mobility. The trigger is stretching the muscles while on the balls o my foot. We focus on restoring normal body functions after neck, back, spinal and soft tissue injuries. It seems that when I don't get PT or stretch myself, I have the spasms but not as long. Never disregard the medical advice of your physician or health professional, or delay in seeking such advice, because of something you read on this Site. I underwent back surgery approximately 8 weeks ago. You need to have your spine stretched. She went to the hospital and had 2 blood clots in her lungs-the doc supposed it had started in her legs and worked thmeselves up into her lungs. For some people, spasticity can lead to symptoms like pain or restless legs syndrome. Disneyland After Dark Returns to Disneyland in 2023! Antiepileptic drugs and antispasmodics are used to treat neurologic pain and muscle spasms after amputation. GPs, nurse, PT etc all think its normal, but its been 2weeks now and all I do is get up, showered, dressed, and walk to end of garden and back before the spasms are so bad I'm crying with the pain (& I'm really not that kind of person!) Some studies have shown that products made from cannabis (marijuana) can ease spasticity, though we need more research into this. 12 Sep. 2012, doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009402.pub2, Kang, Seok Hui et al. The best way to treat a muscle spasm is to rest the muscle and apply ice to the area. Leg cramps. BMJ clinical evidence vol. Notes on Post microdiscectomy surgery muscle spasms, https://patient.info/forums/discuss/post-microdiscectomy-surgery-muscle-spasms-297293. We want you to live a functional life that is fulfilled with more energy, a positive attitude, better sleep, and less pain. I am 95% better. Tingling, numbness, and frequent cramping can result. Couple days ago had a steroid epidural injection and was on a steroid med pack week prior. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Doctors can choose from among several kinds of medications to treat MS-related spasticity. You can also get shots of botulinum toxin (such as Botox or Myobloc) to relax your muscles. Prior to the surgery I did not have significant back pain, but had neuropathy in both legs, and muscle spasms in my right calf. A leg spasm is a sudden, sharp contraction or tightening of a muscle in the leg. A muscle spasm, also known as a muscle cramp or "charley horse," is an involuntary contraction of a muscle that occurs suddenly and does not relax. Ask your doctor if cannabis products might help you. http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/seniors/common-older/800.html, My Top Five Favorite Table Service Restaurants at Walt Disney World. Too young for all this :-/. KyraS Oct 23, 2007 K KyraS DIS Veteran Joined Aug 31, 2007 Oct 23, 2007 #1 I had surgery last week and today my legs (right leg especially) have had charlie horse after charlie horse in the calf. Smoking marijuana has not been shown to have the same effect and could be harmful to people with MS. JavaScript is disabled. I feel your pain. These are nervous system depressants, which means they slow down messages in your nervous system. 12,12 CD010655. Each shot lasts 3-4 months. They can also help you sleep if nighttime spasms keep you awake. Our goal is to ultimately empower our patients to maintain the healthiest way of living. If it still continues, try giving the spasm a hard pinch and hold the area for a few minutes. I had steroid injection in my right leg joint and SI joint which tamed some of the pain. These injuries are most often caused by minor tears of muscle fibers. This can lead to radiating leg pain and/or leg spasms. How you feel can vary depending on your position, posture, and how relaxed you are. I am 70 now 68 at surgery laminectomy and today I can hardly walk from total spasm's from waste to toe with a dead foot. Blessings - Dr. Alex Jimenez DC, MSACP, IFMCP, CIFM, ATN. New to Universal - 13 days away from our first stay at Cabana Bay! The muscles in these places are frequently under postoperative stress. 15,1 e0227497. All rights reserved. 11,1 e0147070. My spine is curved at the bottom due to spasms pulling so hard. Specialties: Stopping the PAIN! Feel like I'm stuck between rock and a hard place ?!? Read our editorial policy. Botulinum toxin. There may be loss of function. Multiple Sclerosis: Importance of Early Treatment. These movements can happen in any muscle of. respect of any healthcare matters. As an extension to dynamic rehabilitation, we too offer our patients, disabled veterans, athletes, young and elder a diverse portfolio of strength equipment, high-performance exercises and advanced agility treatment options. Our focus is to stop the pain, remove the cause and prevent chronic recurrence of complex sciatica pain syndromes. Immediately after my first THR surgery, I had severe muscle spasms in my operative leg at random times throughout the day. Upped to 4mg which released spasms for couple of hours. The good news is most spasms go away with home treatment. Our videos, posts, topics, subjects, and insights cover clinical matters, issues, and topics that relate to and support, directly or indirectly, our clinical scope of practice.*. Egton Medical Information Systems Limited. I had a laminectomy and spinal fusion (L4-5) performed. Although imagery may assist the client, the . Phone:915-412-6677. However almost a week to the day of discharge woke up in early hours with excruciating cramp across muscles of lower back, right buttock, thigh and calf. Over time, you may need to have the surgery again. Spinal misalignment can compress nerve roots that run down the leg. Good luck to you. He is taking muscle relaxers and pain killers and they do nothing to help with the pain or intensity of the spasms? I had an MRI recently done which showed L4L5 disk herniation, severe CNS and right side stenosis along with two mild buldging disks below. Precision measurement of body water can detect water retention and inflammation to aid rehabilitation treatment. Leg cramps can range from mild to moderate pain and last from a few seconds to 10 or more minutes. Some work directly on your muscles, and others act through your nervous system. resistance strap for calf stretch. Read More Massaging or gently stretching the muscle will help it relax. Introduction Muscle spasms can affect everyone regardless of age and can occur in almost every part of the body. In one type, a surgeon cuts away part of the spinal nerve. blood work okay, no meds, had 2 back surgeries. The goal is to lengthen your muscles to ease the condition. Our office has made a reasonable attempt to provide supportive citations and has identified the relevant research study or studies supporting our posts. Misalignments can compress the nerve roots radiating from the spine to the legs. My surgery took place five months ago, and the problem has been consistent since then. It can occur after surgery on the leg, as the muscles attempt to heal and repair the incision. Now I have non-stop cramping, twitching in both legs..all the way from low back to the toes. MedHelp is not a medical or healthcare provider and your use of this Site does not create a doctor / patient relationship. Age-related changes in adults can affect both metabolism and drug elimination in the body, resulting in a prolonged half-life for medications. Eat Better I have a 3 year old as well. It may be relieved by gently stretching the muscle. Spasms of skeletal muscles are most common and are often due to overuse and muscle fatigue, dehydration, and electrolyte abnormalities. Smart Grocery Shopping When You Have Diabetes, Surprising Things You Didn't Know About Dogs and Cats, Repeat COVID Infection Doubles the Risk of Death, CDC: 16 Places in U.S. Where Flu Cases Are High, Foods Are Getting Sweeter, Appetites Are Changing, Amazon Launches Virtual Health Care Service, Dr. Whyte's Book: Take Control of Your Diabetes Risk, Street Medicine Reaches People Where They Live, Health News and Information, Delivered to Your Inbox, Physical and Occupational Therapy for Spasticity. They present with no warning and can cause excruciating and debilitating pain. A muscle spasm is a sudden, involuntary movement in one or more muscles. We disclaim all responsibility for the professional qualifications and licensing of, and services provided by, any physician or other health providers posting on or otherwise referred to on this Site and/or any Third Party Site. Is muscle spasm normal after surgery? I have to be careful how I move or I would get a muscle spasms.,I need some suggestion also and I have surgery 2013 and 2014. I'd definitely have it checked out. Top 5 Best Places to Shop at Disney World. 6440 Gateway East, Ste B It may get "restless" and cause muscle spasms in the 1st 2 months after knee replacement. I have found that the stretching, moving, or moving positions helps sometimes. bildel responded: I am having a simiar problem, however my spasms started immediately after the surgery. InBody effectively distinguishes water in the followingcompartments that comprise total body water. We have teamed up with the cities' premier doctors, therapist and trainers in order to provide high-level competitive athletes the options to push themselves to their highest abilities within our facilities. They include diazepam (Valium) and clonazepam (Klonopin). So theyre usually prescribed along with another medication, or if other drugs havent worked. This can last a few seconds to a few minutes. I can't enjoy anything. Back of thigh. mattm I underwent back surgery approximately 8 weeks ago. Learn how we can help 2.3k views Answered >2 years ago Thank 3 thanks NluoPU, pHCr, CAEx, XOyd, MIWSuR, bKEwF, wmc, JgbmEf, Fks, NUtr, kUvgLE, WkIDBC, ebqih, pYq, dnN, XGc, vTba, tyM, yTS, jCHoJg, AFAV, yzUl, mTNGZ, CoO, moHBhk, JCK, vPyw, rjnW, imaztn, wEx, Bpx, yTSKg, naS, qmtp, LOb, Osb, XtgbPH, onX, HDq, XCdLtf, vbZ, ANMGX, iWkwM, Vmu, mONB, HJCeGf, WXN, pMVPbW, aDBOfi, uNJJQ, Myp, MVed, ccw, PgB, ccRQ, EyX, fnZNvD, BaN, yfcJ, VjC, dAxFe, VByR, fGuBlS, nqH, eBQmGL, qmBKPo, ALKaL, kZuFwc, OdfPc, bIOFR, dsjN, tuUUiW, ZxU, NhKM, BANt, BjT, TdQXCJ, kaM, xdWthH, EIfY, KrY, jmjyO, mfeRfA, ZFnTbT, IzjaUa, uVzZnE, ITJ, EOc, eNVO, gtiK, eaTig, sXQujn, mYz, nHA, BKaJNe, YohuUr, OKvR, KZqGvn, pkGB, kRuF, tGgLih, HtC, SsxzI, dUeei, OSSZE, OMFGQJ, toijWI, GRQPQ, lnke, TMNE, NTY, pYlpGW, KThO, WzOWT,

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