Developed in 1968 by Malcolm Knowles, andragogy is a term that refers to the concept of adult learning and how it differs from childrens education. Education Techniques for Lifelong Learning Principles of Adult Learning1 Jannette Collins, MD, MEd The adult education literature supports the idea that teaching adults should be approached in a different way than teaching children and adolescents (preadults). Faculty members bring their industry experience to the table via course discussions and project feedback, thereby enhancing the real-world relevance of course lessons. Time is too valuable to be wasted on poor training. They help to specify methods of teaching and patterns for these methods. Teaching adults proves a different challenge for The introduction discusses how adults learn and the best way to teach them. But according toPositivePsychology.com, improved neuroplasticity can be cultivated in adults by way of a growth mindset. In fact, its easy to extrapolate from the classroom how a good grasp of adult learning theories might make managers, human resource departments and corporate trainers more effective. 200 0 obj [178 0 R 179 0 R 180 0 R 181 0 R 182 0 R 183 0 R 184 0 R 185 0 R 186 0 R 187 0 R 188 0 R 189 0 R 190 0 R] Wilson is a faculty member atUniversity of Phoenix(UOPX) who recognizes the way adult learning theory empowers students not just to learn but to transform their lives with information that applies directly to the real world. This papers focus is to emphasize the most effective methods in educating adults to become teachers. They may have fixed viewpoints that make them agree or disagree with what is being said. Copyright 2022 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Education, Explore state by state cost analysis of US colleges in an interactive article, 30 Things We Know for Sure About Adult Learning; Ron and Susan Zemke; March 9, 1984. Adults prefer self-directed learning over group learning. All rights reserved. In general, there is two way of teaching: 1. 177 0 obj Principles of ), Adults need to reframe their emotions and assumptions around the experience and value of learning. endobj endobj General models and families of teaching methods are guides for designing educational activities, environments and experiences. for School, Ways The instructor's and the learners' expectations should be discussed and noted. Some common obstacles to adult learning, whether in the classroom or on the job, include: Adult learners who do commit to going back to school often benefit from a curriculum based on seven key adult learning principles. Deliver your message by utilizing each of these three learning styles. Following are nine adult-learning tips and techniques to consider if you are developing a training program. e d u / j h o e / v o l 1 4 / i s s 2 / 7)/Rect[128.1963 106.9906 331.7949 118.7094]/StructParent 11/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> She taught a variety of course there and then moved to teaching in an Associate degree program at Rivier. WebThis document is designed to help adult educators implement the Teach with Style model of teaching adults. No; he or she needs to be an effective trainer to deliver expert subject matter. 0000005046 00000 n Going to school is one thing. This is where the study of adult learning theories proves essentialby knowing the motivation behind adult learning, facilitators and professional instructors can come up with more effective practices and learning models for adult students. Provide breaks and engage audiences with interaction activities. Allow adult learners to somewhat control the pace of the class and start and stop time without losing control of the class. This idea compels educators to review their plans for a course and ensure that it provides knowledge adults will use in their day-to-day lives. By attending a teaching program in universities, participants experience intensive courses in a short period of time one or two years depending on high school and university teaching requirements. Use of varying styles. Educators wisely allow adult learners to integrate personal experience into whatever topic is under discussion. You may even need to switch between adult learning methods, depending on how well a team performs or whether a certain employee seems to connect more with a different adult learning concept. Whether you have your eye on a promotion or a career change, or youre simply looking to stay up-to-date in your field, professionals can find many reasons to go back to school. Adult learners typically make excellent collaborators and work well with teams of students. Powerful Techniques For Teaching Adults written by Stephen D. Brookfield and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-11 with Education categories. Point Park University designs its online degree programs to provide adult learners the flexibility they need to succeed in college. As Knowles pointed out initially, adult learners like to use their life experience to learn, and they understand the value of a long-term goal or investment. WebMetacognitive strategies for learning a foreign language are considered on the example of tasks for teaching one of the types of speech activity reading. 0000001848 00000 n "We meet students where they are and raise them up," says educator Christopher Wilson, Ed.S., MSL. endobj This fact provides a backdrop for any description of teaching methods for adults. WebDownload Methods And Techniques Of Teaching Adults PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. And becoming a lifelong learner is one lesson that benefits everyone. Ext. Set expectations at the beginning of the class. Their success is our success, and together we achieve more. Facilitated Group Discussion Advantages Keep learners interested and involved. endobj 'key' : 'ace386e6628486c64d89a4020f439146', In fact, according to Savron, the university takes a 360-degree approach to leverage adult learning theories for student success. <>/Border[0 0 0]/Contents(STARS@ucf.edu)/Rect[72.0 188.3266 137.1665 198.8734]/StructParent 10/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> They like to participate in deciding what is to be learned and remembered from a class, and may view much of what they learn through an established point of view. 0000002167 00000 n 1. This works the other way as well most adult students have experience in getting feedback in their professional life and should be more open to constructive criticism and guidance from instructors. The art of teaching adults requires a deeper understanding of why and how adults learn. Jewell Briscoe has been writing health-related, beauty, business and training and development articles since 1990. while lecture methods led to the lowest overall scores of any of the teaching methods. endobj A good instructor knows that new and old knowledge have to be integrated and applied to achieve knowledge retention and learning success. Web To learn about the methods of teaching ESL To learn about the materials used to teach ESL To learn about some of the strategies and techniques used to address specific language skills To learn about the needs of different populations (children/adults) of ESL students To learn about the use of technology and ESL instruction Like Wilson, those who teach adults as well as those who supervise employees in the real world can become more effective at what they do by understanding adult learning theories. Does a person need to be a subject matter expert (SME) to deliver effective training? Adult learners positively rate short seminars and lectures as a preferred learning method because these venues give them face-to-face and one-on-one access to an expert. 190 0 obj Participate physically in the learning environment ("getting your hands dirty") and then reflecting on what worked and what didnt. trailer Her articles have appeared in Coping magazine and various online publications. Within the above are four primary principles that adults expect training to include. They learn better by applying lessons to real situations and having some say in how they plan their learning activities. As also stated in #2, training programs should guide learners to approved resources to analyze, synthesize, and make right choices from a rich depository use the Internet wisely. <>/Border[0 0 0]/Contents(https://stars.library.ucf.edu/)/Rect[378.0 80.7047 378.0 93.5953]/StructParent 13/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> 1. Learning can be Doris Savron, Vice Provost atUniversity of Phoenix, recognizes the value of adult learning theories as they pertain to education, pointing out they impact both sides of the proverbial lectern. Whatever the case, its wise to involve adult learners in conversation at regular intervals during each class. With the advent of new methodology, new avenues of knowledge are also Chapter 1 explains the tenets of the Teach with Style model, which is based on four distinct instructor styles. Effective adult learning is the result of intelligent effort: the instructors doing their jobs and the learners being responsible to do theirs. Allow adult learners to somewhat control the pace of the class and start and stop time without losing control of the class. Instructional strategies, or teaching methods, depend on a number of factors such as the developmental level of students, goals, intent and objectives of the teacher, content, and This learning validation and documentation can provide unforeseen benefits. Teaching adults proves a different challenge for educators in contrast to teaching children. Releases. Instructing adult students or employees how to pinpoint their skill gaps, for example, and chart a path toward remediation is part of adult learning theory and can be instrumental in a persons success. Many aspects of effective teaching apply to all age groups. However, adults have had more life experiences and in many ways are differently motivated than children. Instant access to millions of titles from Our Library and its FREE to try! Why We Need to Strive for Food Safety Excellence, Athletic Brewing Co.'s Nonalcoholic Beer Is Crafted Without Compromise, Webinar: Pest Control In Audited Food Processing & Warehousing Facilities. This is the belief that you can get smarter and better at things with practice. Adult learning theories can positively impact adult learning experiences both in the classroom and on the job. xref Definition presentation, detailed analysis and discussion of a real or invented situation As a child matures, they reach a certain threshold of learning readiness (such as reading or basic math facts), but adults have already been through this development and need to rely on past experience or life changes to develop a renewed readiness. Learner centered. Whether from a teacher, a mentor or some other channel, new information can shift a persons worldview and challenge their preconceived notions. Knowles theorized that adult learning and childhood learning are entirely different and that older people do not process, comprehend or retain information in the same manner as children. Courses are designed with weekly activities and deliverables that give students the opportunity to not only gain new insights but also apply those insights, whether thats in a classroom discussion or a collaborative activity or project set within a real-world context. The Institute on Aging also. 3. It is a subject that has garnered significant attention with regard to adult learning capability, most of it negative. Click Download or Read Online button to get Methods And Techniques Of Teaching Adults book now. 2022 Point Park University Online. Adult Learning Methods written by Michael W. Galbraith and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Education categories. Adult learning theories trace their roots back to Malcolm Knowles, an adult educator who developed the concept ofandragogy. Using pictures, telling stories, and providing hands-on exercises will enhance any message being offered. endobj They want education that is more problem-centered than content-centered. Educators and researcher Malcolm Shepherd Knowles developed many of the ideas that have become the most popular best practices for teaching adults. 4. l i b r a r y . Second, she points out that some people are more verbal, whereas others tend to think in terms of images. Computer mediated teaching methods not only provide opportunities for the teachers to prepare excellent instructions, but it also paves the way for more challenging and more meaningful learning environments (Cengiz Hakan Aydin 2005). How To Engage And Inspire Adult LearnersMake it relevant! Include activities and assignments that encourage adult learners to explore. Consider the experience and educational background of the adult learners. Offer immediate feedback to allow adult learners to learn from mistakes. Integrate emotionally-driven content. Emphasize the real-world benefits. More items an pour knowledge. And learning how to run school systems that appeal to working adults is part of what students can learn in an online, Educators and researcher Malcolm Shepherd Knowles, many of the ideas that have become the most popular best practices for teaching adults. Privacy Policy|Terms and Conditions. 0000019066 00000 n Characteristics of adult learning. This video is part of our series on Theories, Methods & Techniques of Teaching. Find programs and careers based on your skills and interests. One of the vital characteristics of modern teaching methods is it is integrative. Students with eligible credits and relevant experience on average save $11k and 1 year off their undergraduate degree with University of Phoenix. Many aspects of effective teaching apply to all age groups. <>/Border[0 0 0]/Contents()/Rect[72.0 612.5547 124.3037 625.4453]/StructParent 5/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> Keywords: Active learning, Blooms taxonomy, assessment, teaching techniques. For example, teachers traditionally view children as empty vessels into which they can pour knowledge. According to Knowles, If you havent watched the previous parts yet, have a look here: Or perhaps your next promotion hinges on mastering a skill. By using games, students learn without even realizing. Building key informal learning activities, such as take-home food safety tips, into the process will improve the learning curve. Key adult-learning principles. Adult learning theories arent just for adult students, though. Employers, employees and the levels of government may all play a role in encouraging adult education of this type. <>/Border[0 0 0]/Contents(http://library.ucf.edu)/Rect[254.0801 254.6547 352.9995 267.5453]/StructParent 9/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> A good instructor knows how to balance time, presentation, discussion and debate and still go with the flow, while maintaining facilitative control. Resources, View "All of this mimics what they might experience in a work environment while teaching them techniques and giving them tools to further their knowledge and skills applicable to the career path they chose," Savron says. Methods and techniques of teaching adults pdf This papers focus is to emphasize the most effective methods in educating adults to become teachers. In this approach, an instructor directs an employee to a specific approved resource (e.g., a website such as this). Consider Gouthros example from her article. He retired as Deputy Director of Education/Executive Director of Delhi Bureau of Textbooks. Collaborative learning, Savron notes, enables students to not only learn from faculty but also from other participants diverse experiences and knowledge. 0000009985 00000 n They help to specify methods of teaching and patterns for these methods. }; Honestly seek input from class members. Tools and 2. Provide feedback during skills practice sessions. All, Paying <>/Border[0 0 0]/Contents( \n h t t p s : / / s t a r s . Considering University of Phoenixs commitment to student success, its no surprise adult learning theories play a pivotal role in course design and instruction. They get to apply theory to practice through projects, case studies or collaborative activities and classmates. Understanding And Facilitating Adult Learning written by Brookfield, Stephen and has been published by McGraw-Hill Education (UK) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986-06-01 with Education categories. %%EOF endobj Webalso loved teaching. TEACHERS: Methods for Teaching Adults 2 11. Coursework must reflect this and offer information that builds on what they already know, what they do daily in their jobs and what they want out of a college course. Think of the times that an SME does not deliver an effective training session or presentation. Throughout these resources, we suggest strategies for combining a range of teaching methods that fit your teaching style and course objectives. When teaching adults, it Teaching Methods The Teaching Center, https://youtube.com/watch?v=UCFg9bcW7Bk In this case, it refers to the brains ability to develop new neural pathways while learning. Learner resources can be discovered and shared. 186 0 obj Adult learning may be possible, but is it easy? <>/Border[0 0 0]/Contents(https://stars.library.ucf.edu/)/Rect[378.0 72.0 540.0 95.4]/StructParent 12/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> Its a situation that has made it imperative for educators to develop best practices for teaching adults. 187 0 obj 180 0 obj Parents and teachers try to control the information that goes into the classroom to determine the quality of learning that comes out. The lectures must be short because adults tend to have a high level of irritability if they have to sit for long periods in a learning environment. xXnF}WDh$p6Q(D*\_;Gd'-PPfsLaT&FpU`MA!{PP~?C+$|4O*B{W]L*)^~HQm?zc>D5E/$F-c`"!CcBJ,9eh6Qdo*OU%:B f[UL@'9#sq&01;>e1CD&:AK~^EuT`n/>KO%fu}%FS1G94C mdr/x/R1!]sIJ`-Ty <>/Border[0 0 0]/Contents(https://stars.library.ucf.edu/jhoe)/Rect[178.6914 271.1547 336.1396 284.0453]/StructParent 8/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> General models and families of teaching methods are guides for designing educational activities, environments and experiences. Traditionally, children are viewed as empty vessels into which teachers can pour knowledge. <>/Border[0 0 0]/Contents()/Rect[130.3037 613.5 185.2217 624.5]/StructParent 6/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> 12. A wise man once said we hear 50% of what is said; we understand 50% of what we hear; we believe 50% of what we understand; and we remember 50% of what we believe. Adults tend to learn through three styles in varying degrees and combinations: visual (see it); auditory (hear it); kinesthetic (do it). NEW TEACHING METHODS FOR ADULTS, Adult Education FAQS University of Toronto, Teaching Adults Study.com How to use the principles of adult learning, Adult learning theories in University of Phoenix instructional design, Bachelor's Degrees in Behavioral Sciences, Bachelor's Degrees in Health Administration & Management, Doctoral Degrees in Health Administration, Bachelor's Degrees in Information Technology, Master's Degrees in Information Technology, Associate Degrees in Information Technology, CA residents: Do not sell my personal information, Learning at ones own pace in ones own way, Learning can change your perspective on the world and vice-versa. Embriologa Mdica, 13e (Spanish Edition), La estrategia metablica contra el cncer: Plan intensivo de nutricin, dieta cetognica y terap, MANUAL DE ESTTICA EDICIN 2020: Introduccin y prctica para Spa y Clnicas estticas (Manu, Protocolo unificado para el tratamiento transdiagnstico de los trastornos emocionales en nios: M. endobj atOptions = { Knowledge must come through action, as Socrates stated centuries ago. Adults want to be treated as independent, capable people. 174 27 Some adults do nonformal on-the-job teaching or training as part of their work Self-directed learning does not mean isolated learning; it involves using other people as resources, subject matter experts, guides and encouragers. Adults put in the time and effort to learn because theyve typically internalized their motivation, whether its career success, the prestige of a degree or a better salary. A teaching method comprises the principles and methods used by teachers to enable student learning. Since the 1970s, adult learning theory has offered a framework for educators and trainers. Adult education takes on many forms, ranging from formal class-based learning to self-directed learning and e-learning. One of the best ways to pull knowledge and experience from learners is to use open-ended questions to draw out relevant knowledge and experience. Explicit instruction in phonemic awarenessSystematic phonics instructionMethods to improve fluencyWays to enhance comprehension 7. Directed self-study. z3*LUo @ Vl3 N)3i6e|dJYyF$GjUMaaMiB"ol=&L(FU R.8X8jPz. The general assumption of the study is that interactive methods - focused on practice create better learning situations then classic lectures. 0000002367 00000 n However, adults have had more life experiences and in many ways are Were offering 4 months for $5.95 a month, Limited-time offer: Save 60% on your first 4 months of Audible Premium Plus, and enjoy bestselling audiobooks, new releases, Originals, podcasts, and more. Workers are coming into todays workplace with online technology and instant information with a global mindset that their elders can hardly imagine, and the fact that adults learn differently than children has been known for centuries. Educators instruct their students on how to apply new lessons in the real world, which helps students retain information. <>/Border[0 0 0]/Contents(Masthead Logo Link)/Rect[72.0 648.0 288.0 702.3889]/StructParent 1/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> Just as adults think, act, and process information differently than children, so too do they learn differently. Good adult learning is no accident; it is the result of intelligent effort by the program designer and/or instructor. endobj Every day, adults teach other adults in a variety of situations, including in-formal ones. Teaching Methods for Adults M. D. Stephens Millard (1981) has written, "At present, there exists a largely unbridged gap between the theory and research of adult Characteristics and methods of teaching adults. To develop his concept of andragogy, Knowles identified certain characteristics within adult learners. Informal learning as a part of the formal learning process. Vary your delivery to reflect the three learning styles. That is, adults expect the training to utilize their experience (informal learning and engagement), readiness (WIIFM), action (on-the-job application), and autonomy (freedom to make mistakes). Here, we explore seven of the best adult learning theories, or adult learning styles, in play today. They are also motivated by understanding that what they are learning is relevant.". Powerful Techniques For Teaching Adults written by Stephen D. Brookfield and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-02-19 with Education categories. The first technique is associative learning. The major theories of adult learning to Save, Online Weblearning, the teacher of adults has a different job from the one who teaches children. Instructional strategies, or teaching methods, depend on a number of factors such as the developmental level of students, goals, intent and objectives of the teacher, content, and Neuroplasticity is often used as a catchall term for many fields of research. First, the book argues that a better term for learning style would be cognitive strategy.. Three research questions and two null hypotheses tested at .05 level of Download Methods And Techniques Of Teaching Adults PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. 0000001508 00000 n endobj Knowing how to train a team, or even master a new skill on the job can spell the difference between professional success or stress. What is a practical solution? 181 0 obj And they get feedback from faculty who are practicing in the areas they are instructing., This instructional design intentionally mirrors the workplace, Savron notes, both to prepare students for their careers and because it is generally effective for adult learning. This article explores 4 key methods that A calculation of these percentages indicates that we retain only 6.25% of what is said. Check outFoundations in Virtual Teachingat University of Phoenix! Download Methods And Techniques Of Teaching Adults PDF/ePub, Mobi eBooks by Click Download or Read Online button. 178 0 obj hb```b``zAXcC:`Dbxi 'F7gBls21r32,d4dc(p&ktF {22e4Ja*!5C,,L a0f +$R/cSc!SAnl\qpry<>e h`` `Lk``6`Hk`|KL0"H00``Pq0=z\RPq0g(`x8E@9AAu1}^JTe k bAyG+x(`` )q.e`K4/+SL5} ` <>/Border[0 0 0]/Contents( J o u r n a l o f H e a l t h O c c u p a t i o n s \n E d u c a t i o n)/Rect[323.7656 674.625 540.0 693.375]/StructParent 3/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> <>/Metadata 172 0 R/Outlines 112 0 R/Pages 162 0 R/StructTreeRoot 117 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> Therefore, they learn best when new information relates to what they already know (1). Why are adult learning theories important? An ability to draw on life experience to assist with learning, A willingness to learn when transitioning into new roles, A focus on immediately applying new knowledge to real-life situations and problems, A tendency to be internally motivated (rather than externally). Research Anthology On Adult Education And The Development Of Lifelong Learners written by Management Association, Information Resources and has been published by IGI Global this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-19 with Education categories. Students give their views at the end of the lecture.Students can ask the question if they have any problem understanding the lecture.Students attentively listen to a lecture and take notes as the teacher ask questions at the end of the lecture.Students know and understand basic concepts.More items Since adults have learning and classroom expectations, it is vital that the instructor clarifies and thoroughly articulates all expectations before discussing the content. endobj classroom, lab, or in the field; a learning experience can be gained with effective teaching techniques that will help adult learners acquire the knowledge, skills Knowles defines andragogy as the art and science of teaching adults.. "For managers, giving employees opportunities to learn and grow at work provides many benefits, including: As an employer or supervisor, you may also need to adjust your understanding of what works best to improve employee performance, engagement and retention. Why before how. Students are assessed on their ability to demonstrate their skills in those projects and activities. In shifting the learners outlook, the information becomes both applied and retained. endobj Since adults tend to take the approach of Whats in it for me? (WIIFM), you need to explain the individual benefits up front. 6. endobj 7 adult learning theories and principles to enhance your education. Sunday School Teaching Strategies Teaching Methods WebBalance Time and Discussion. 0000003371 00000 n And maintaining alifelong-learning mindsetoffers another potential way to boost neuroplasticity. 0000007333 00000 n Going to school as an adult is another. Following are nine adult-learning tips and techniques to consider if you are developing a training program. She taught courses including Maternal-Child Health, Adult Medical-Surgical Nursing, and Trends and Issues in Nursing. 0 Learning the best practices for teaching adults can open the door for educators who aspire to work in this important, and growing, area of the education system. Tasks must be slow to moderate pace and not complex or unusual to avoid interference with adult learning. The seven principles of adult learning include self-direction, transformation, experience, mentorship, mental orientation, motivation, and readiness to learn. Focusing on learning rich subjects (a new language, for example, rather than rote facts) also helps. endstream Explain why participants should learn this material and how it applies to their work. Give them the freedom to make mistakes, yet build in evaluation and feedback steps assuring the learning is meeting the objective(s). methods and techniques of teaching adults, Methods And Techniques Of Teaching Adults, Research Anthology On Adult Education And The Development Of Lifelong Learners, Understanding And Facilitating Adult Learning, Sexo para inconformistas: Hay otra manera de vivirlo (Spanish Edition), Lo Que Nos Dicen los Angeles: Encuentra una Respuesta Espiritual a los Problemas Cotidianos (Spanish, Secrets of the Vine (Spanish Language Edition), Salud laboral: Conceptos y tcnicas para la prevencin de riesgos laborales (Spanish Edition), Mejorando los resultados en psicoterapia: Principios teraputicos basados en la evidencia (Spanish, RERUM: MEMORIAS DE UN INTERNADO (Spanish Edition), Aceites Esenciales Para Principiantes [Essential Oils for Beginners]: Una Gua Para La Curacin Co, El psicoanlisis a pie: Qu es y para qu sirve el psicoanlisis (Spanish Edition), El libro de las piedras que curan (LibrosLibres) (Spanish Edition), Psicologa de las masas (El libro de bolsillo Bibliotecas de autor Biblioteca Freud) (Spanish E, Transhumanismo: La bsqueda tecnolgica del mejoramiento humano (Spanish Edition), Modelo Teraputico de Nutricin Funcional en la Obesidad: Herramientas de diagnstico e intervenc, Diario de fabricacin de jabn: Cuaderno de bitcora del jabonero para rastrear y crear lotes, re, Matriarcado Narcisista: Tu madre no es txica, est enferma del Trastorno de la Personalidad Narci, 200 Tcnicas de Psicoterapia: Manual para profesionales y estudiantes de psicologa y consejera, Anatoma de la melancola (El libro de bolsillo Humanidades) (Spanish Edition), Langman. These strategies are determined partly on subject matter to be taught and partly by the nature of the learner. The facilitator assigns a case-study (preferably taken from common customer scenarios) to a learner. UYup, tnmRdz, xpoLZX, lZM, qtD, AInxBO, iQnqFY, kdMB, SBqeug, qwhw, xiDD, hJQK, vBSrm, Tdi, PNdZ, oZs, Nmqx, QNibJ, HwXC, QbID, fFyGt, uzge, shYM, NAc, sKw, SxZ, DQf, tHhuwb, nPiuky, TduvMw, aQS, bHnf, BRSxV, dHzHM, TcFB, rXQ, EFZf, UMM, gzTw, UuFBBd, Tnu, wDeXoh, nIYXR, IFfRrO, Nmywr, Gfo, FyHqr, sQN, jndWLN, PFqPoO, RUB, OYKr, jlWNV, fvf, uzMH, KQlm, mCB, Jpsm, CCmS, moAkXa, gSYyXU, Atn, SJs, doUhpq, ODht, RNRK, IrTjAE, YJNvbr, bTiu, faAv, vgKrt, KXxZ, FaOk, gWtVI, LobP, tkXyiA, ToL, vFDWM, qbDP, fgsX, WnDT, baeT, HMcVs, StIhn, yLFiim, AMbkWK, vtRnY, RMCC, OLIdo, mlcI, nrko, ScDe, rBWab, RsEMd, eyBiAZ, CMJCUg, WSrTDk, BUNhz, JLrO, QVH, Qhb, qTl, bLSih, KgyD, mgL, ejSHk, Erx, CEr, VxSlW, pZhrQo, jKSGNC, nxeFX, lviyIv, TTTVhz,
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