This. Hello. 2011;164(4):58590. It also plays an important role in managing our oxidative stress within the thyroid, through a complex relationship with iodine, which I'll discuss in more detail in this article. 1 Having an optimal amount of selenium in your diet is vital not just for preventing thyroid disease, but for your overall health. I am glad that you have taken control of your own health. Lancet. Foods that are good sources of selenium include: Selenium can be found in supplements either alone or in combination formulas in multivitamins. 2012;97:33442. The role of iodine and selenium in autoimmune thyroiditis. To make matters worse, if you go see your doctor and he or she only checks your TSH and T4 and not your free T3 level, it will look like your thyroid levels are "normal" or even "high.". sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Here are the most common dietary causes of an imbalanced thyroid, which can contribute to a deficiency in the thyroid supportive nutrients, iodine, L-tyrosine and selenium. Mutations in the selenocysteine- binding protein 2 (SBP2) gene interfere with the synthesis of selenoproteins thus causing a multisystem selenoprotein deficiency disorder. Knudsen N, Brix TH. FOIA By Mary Shomon The thyroid gland has the highest selenium concentration per unit weight among all tissues. Toxicol Res (Camb). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2014.02.005. 2008;100(2):25468. Se deficiency has been associated with a variety of thyroid diseases, including myxoedematous cretinism, goitre, thyroid autoimmune disease and cancer. It can be replaced in your body either through increasing your consumption of foods that are high in selenium and/or by taking a selenium supplement. Genetic and non-iodine-related factors in the aetiology of nodular goitre. Studies show that selenium protects against goiter and iodine is proving to protect against a heavy thyroid. CAS Selenium supplementation and secondary prevention of nonmelanoma skin cancer in a randomized trial. "Or you can take 100 to 200 micrograms of selenium in supplement form per day," Kellman says. You can safely take in up to 400 mcg per day between food and supplements. If you have chronic digestive issues, there is a good chance that you have inadequate selenium levels. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00423-011-0788-5. 2022 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved, Mary Shomon is a writer and hormonal health and thyroid advocate. 2016;5(3):16470. Google Scholar. The two main autoimmune thyroid diseases are Graves' disease which is the most common cause of thyrotoxicosis, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis which is the most common cause of hypothyroidism. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-11-0575. Selenium deficiency is further linked to more common issues such as thyroid dysfunction and male infertility. Your selenium levels can be measured by blood tests, or a hair or nail analysis can evaluate your levels over months or years. In adults, the thyroid is the organ that has the highest concentration of selenium in the body, and this mineral plays a key role in your thyroid gland's ability to produce thyroid hormone. So if you think you have a selenium deficiency, what should you do about it? Selenium is a mineral that's naturally found in some of the foods we eat. Effect of iodine and selenium upon thyroid function. Selenium supplementation may play a role in several thyroid disorders. Mutations in the selenocysteine- binding protein 2 (SBP2) gene interfere with the synthesis of selenoproteins thus causing a multisystem selenoprotein deficiency disorder. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Int J Hyg Environ Health. Miniero R, D'Archivio M, Olivieri A, De Angelis S, Sorcini M. Cent Eur J Public Health. Selenium upregulates CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells in iodine-induced autoimmune thyroiditis model of NOD.H-2(h4) mice. J Endocrinol Investig. Please contact us if you need more information or are interested in getting help from Dr. Whelchel. Selenium is low in newly diagnosed Graves disease: a population-based study. CrossRef J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;14(7):133783. Take a look and see: Fatigue Low immunity Poor concentration (brain fog) Hair loss and fingernail discoloration Fertility/reproductive issues Renko K, Hofmann PJ, Stoedter M, et al. government site. The course of Autoimmune Thyroiditis in WOMEN. Having a deficiency of selenium does not in itself cause illness. 2013;79(4):58490. Verywell Health's content is for informational and educational purposes only. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2012.0548. 2003;12(2):198-202. This can cause several health problems. Eur Thyroid J. 2012;35(4):41924. Lescure A, Allmang C, Yamada K, Carbon P, Krol A. cDNA cloning, expression pattern and RNA binding analysis of human selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) binding protein 2. However, there is also evidence that excessive iodine can also damage the thyroid gland and may even increase the incidence of autoimmune thyroid disease such as Hashimoto's. After iodine repletion, the lower the serum selenium level, the larger the thyroid was in women but not in men. Selenium supplementation in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis decreases thyroid peroxidase antibodies concentrations. 2008;211(56):5559. Lin JC, Kuo WR, Chiang FY, Hsiao PJ, Lee KW, Wu CW, et al. Thomson CD, Robinson MF, Butler JA, Whanger PD. A review found selenium supplements in daily dosages of 100-300 mcg led to improved thyroid function at 6 months in people with Graves' disease, but this effect was lost at 9 months (34). Bogatov NV. doi:10.1089/thy.2016.0635. Wichman J, Winther KH, Bonnema SJ, Hegedus L. Selenium supplementation significantly reduces thyroid autoantibody levels in patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Thank you for the article. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ando.2011.03.019. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0110886. 2014;99(4):E71923. I really like them but are hard to get. 2010;20(10):116373. 1-3. Without enough selenium, the thyroid is unable to function properly. 2005;37:123441. Eur Thyroid J. When there is an iodine deficiency and attempts to supplement with selenium occur, the selenium will magnify the iodine deficiency causing it to become worse. According to science direct Severe selenium deficiency is vastly treated by combining selenium-rich foods and vet prescribed selenium supplements. Adaptive dysfunction of selenoproteins from the perspective of the triage theory: why modest selenium deficiency may increase risk of diseases of aging. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72102-6_9, Shipping restrictions may apply, check to see if you are impacted, http://www.thyroid.org/iodine-deficiency/, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ando.2011.03.011, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2014.02.005, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-011-1096-5, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-008-8296-3, https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-1153, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00423-011-0788-5, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2009.08.002, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ando.2011.03.019, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-010-8245-8, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-014-0477-6, https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000190, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-015-0304-9, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0110886, https://doi.org/10.1080/01635580903191569, http://tna.europarchive.org/20140306205048/http://www.food.gov.uk/science/research/surveillance/fsisbranch2009/survey0109#.Vw0TvHNwbcs, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. I hope to give you as much information as possible on each topic. According to the review, in healthy people, selenium doesn't have much effect on thyroid function. Copyright text 2021 by Dr. Jeff Whelchel. Thomson CD, Campbell JM, Miller J, Skeaff SA. This process (and selenium) is essential for normal growth, development, and metabolism (2). 2021 Dec 29;11(1):108-121. doi: 10.1093/toxres/tfab122. I am a family doctor that focuses on functional medicine, specifically balancing hormones. 2016. http://www.thyroid.org/iodine-deficiency/. Eur J Endocrinol. Disclaimer, National Library of Medicine If you suffer from unexplained hair loss or brittle nails, you should consider getting a further workup. 1996;124(12):715. Taylor PN, Peeters R, Dayan CM. As I've explained before, T3 is the active form of thyroid hormone, and low T3 can cause hypothyroid symptoms. Selenoprotein-related disease in a young girl caused by nonsense mutations in the SBP2 gene. the body's heart function. Approach to the patient with postpartum thyroiditis. An enlarged thyroid is commonly known as a goiter. Effects of long-term selenium supplementation on the incidence of type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial. Selenium deficiency occurs in patients receiving parenteral nutrition, in areas where soil selenium content is poor, in cirrhosis patients with ineffective metabolism of selenomethionine, and in low-birth-weight infants. Interestingly, serum selenium decreased slightly (5%) during this period. Due to its overall effects in the body, research is being conducted on whether or not selenium supplementation may affect glucose metabolism, as well as help prevent cancer, thyroid disease, heart disease, and the cognitive decline that occurs as we age. https://doi.org/10.1080/01635580903191569. Italian survey about the clinical use of selenium in thyroid disease. Google Scholar. As a quick reminder, the thyroid gland produces primarly T4, which is a thyroglobulin molecule with 4 iodine molecules attached to it. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Selenium is crucial in aiding the body to recycle iodine. Therefore, even mild selenium deficiency may contribute to the . 47, 1995 . Mol Nutr Food Res. Best of luck. But whether selenium dietary supplements can help treat or reduce the risk of thyroid disease is not clear. 2011;8(3):16071. (2019). Research shows that a common symptom of selenium deficiency is impaired thyroid function (hypothyroidism), and this often manifests as a form of chronic fatigue. Other health risks of selenium deficiency also . Biol Chem. Selenium-dependent enzymes also have several modifying effects on the immune system. If I suspect a selenium deficiency, I start treatment. Manifestations in children include hypopigmentation of the skin and hair (pseudoalbinism). Selenium, the thyroid, and the endocrine system. Dumitrescu AM, Liao XH, Abdullah MS, et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. An official website of the United States government. This site is your resource for information and help on hormone issues. Antioxidant actions of selenium in orbital fibroblasts: a basis for the effects of selenium in Graves orbitopathy. Thyroid eye disease is common in Graves' Disease, and this condition involves the immune system attacking the tissues of the eyes. Survey on measurement of the concentrations of metals and other elements from the 2006 UK total diet study. A 2016 study analyzed the impact of selenium supplementation on the thyroid antibody levels of people with Hashimotos thyroiditis. 2011;164(6):94350. Khrle J, Grtner R. Selenium and thyroid. Darras VM, Van Herck SL. Wichman J, Winther KH, Bonnema SJ, Hegeds L. Selenium supplementation significantly reduces thyroid autoantibody levels in patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Google Scholar. 8600 Rockville Pike The recommendation goes up to 60 mcg per day if you're pregnant and 70 mcg per day if you're breastfeeding. Jonklaas J, Danielsen M, Wang H. A pilot study of serum selenium, vitamin D, and thyrotropin concentrations in patients with thyroid cancer. 2009. http://tna.europarchive.org/20140306205048/http://www.food.gov.uk/science/research/surveillance/fsisbranch2009/survey0109#.Vw0TvHNwbcs. Biol Trace Elem Res. The .gov means its official. In humans, selenium deficiency has been linked to osteoarthropathy- diseases of bones and joints. Teng X, Shi X, Shan Z, Jin Y, Guan H, Li Y, et al. What is selenium deficiency? Keshteli AH, Hashemipour M, Siavash M, Amini M. Selenium deficiency as a possible contributor of goiter in schoolchildren of Isfahan, Iran. Three female children presented with different clinical symptoms that could be related to impaired thyroid function. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. Annu Rev Nutr. Se is particularly important for both thyroid homeostasis and the stability of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, since all three deiodinase enzymes are selenoproteins. There are high concentrations of selenium in the thyroid gland, where there are several selenium-containing enzymes regulating thyroid function. Isolated selenium deficiency is now being investigated for its role in induction autoimmune reactions in thyroid gland in Hashimoto's disease . They can then offer guidance on whether you might benefit from increasing your dietary selenium or adding supplements. It appears that iodine is dangerous to the thyroid ONLY when selenium levels are low or high. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. Effect of selenium and vitamin E on risk of prostate cancer and other cancers: the selenium and vitamin E cancer prevention trial (SELECT). Cotton PA, Subar AF, Friday JE, Cook A. Dietary sources of nutrients among US adults, 1994 to 1996. Leoni SG, Sastre-Perona A, De la Vieja A, Santisteban P. Selenium increases TSH-induced sodium/iodide symporter expression through Txn/Ape1-dependent regulation of Pax8 binding activity. Biol Trace Elem Res. High-nitrate levels in drinking water may be a risk factor for thyroid dysfunction in children and pregnant women living in rural Bulgarian areas. 2011;25(11):192435. Selenium in biology: facts and medical perspectives. N Engl J Med. 2006;155(6):80712. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2009-0686. I will restart Biotin. The site is secure. Before Selenium deficiency also decreased glutathione peroxidase activity and iodine, T4 and T3 concentrations in the thyroid glands of the rats without affecting thyroid weight. 2015;22(5):4026. Before 2009;94(5):16239. Thank you for the nice comments, Greg. BMC Public Health. Kanamori T, Suzuki M, Kaneko Y, Yamada K, Kubo H, Uchiyama M. Ann Gen Psychiatry. OGrady TJ, Kitahara CM, DiRienzo AG, Gates MA. This direct relationship between selenium and bone metabolism means that selenium levels are crucial for healthy bones. - 210.65.88.143. Ann Endocrinol (Paris). Schomburg L, Dumitrescu AM, Liao XH, et al. Se deficiency in combination with inadequate iodine contributes to the pathogenesis of myxedematous cretinism. Mutations in SECISBP2 result in abnormal thyroid hormone metabolism. Your body doesn't make selenium, so the only way you can get it is through food and/or supplements. Google Scholar. Selenium acts as a "thyroid antioxidant" and is vital for the production of thyroid hormone and it is involved in the conversion of T4 (least active thyroid hormone) to T3 (most active form). 2009;94(10):40039. Selenium in cancer prevention: a review of the evidence and mechanism of action. Selenium is especially important if you have an autoimmune thyroid disease such as Hashimoto's or Grave's Disease. It may be entirely possible that the symptoms of selenium deficiency may actually be mediated through their effects on your thyroid. -Designed by Thrive Kucharzewski M, Braziewicz J, Majewska U, Gozdz S. Copper, zinc, and selenium in whole blood and thyroid tissue of people with various thyroid diseases. Despite the research, there is still no official recommendation in the international guidelines for treating patients with autoimmune thyroid disease with selenium supplements. Selenium deficiency symptoms can include: hair loss, reproductive issues, muscle weakness, fatigue, brain fog and thyroid dysfunction. His passion is helping patients reach their full potential of wellness and quality of life. Optimizing the selenium level allows the thyroid to tolerate a wide range of iodine levels. Selenium is a vital micronutrient for normal thyroid function, immune system function, energy production, and metabolism. Schomburg L. Selenium, selenoproteins and the thyroid gland: interactions in health and disease. Thyroid. How long does it take for selenium to help thyroid? Stefanowicz FA, Talwar D, OReilly DS, Dickinson N, Atkinson J, Hursthouse AS, et al. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. 2012;379(9822):125668. PubMed 2010;95(8):406671. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Researchers have examined the potential health benefits of selenium for various conditions. Symptoms: 2006;62(4):55964. After treating the children with sodium selenite orally for 4 wk, their metabolism had returned to normal and we saw a marked improvement of all clinical symptoms. 7 Ways How Selenium Can Benefit Your Thyroid 1.Adequate selenium levels can protect against autoimmune thyroid disease and goiter development in adults. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Glutathione peroxidase 3 gene polymorphisms and risk of differentiated thyroid cancer. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. Studies suggest that peopleespecially womenwho have low blood levels of selenium (and iodine) might develop problems with their thyroid. 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Proc Nutr Soc. government site. For the first time, we have been able to describe hypothyroidism caused exclusively by selenium deficiency, the pathophysiology of which may be expressed as a malfunction of human 5'-deiodinases. eCollection 2022 Feb. Tomography. A double-blind intervention study found that . Variations in plasma Se are due to nutritional habits, geographic and ethnic differences, and probably to genetic polymorphisms . Effects of selenium deficiency on thyroid necrosis, fibrosis and proliferation: a possible role in myxoedematous cretinism. Tan L, Sun W, Sang ZN, et al. The reverse is also true. Usually taking it for a few months is sufficient unless you have a chronic GI problem. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-011-1096-5. confirming the absence of iodine deficiency Biological Trace Element Research Vol. I had surgery for Herd in the early 90s, but sty needed pepcid. One study showed that taking iodine in the presence of LOW levels of selenium may actually increase your risk for thyroid tissue damage. An official website of the United States government. Hypothyroidism was diagnosed by elevated basal TSH and by a pathological i.v.-TRH-stimulation test. Selenium and thyroid function in infants, children and adolescents. Selenium is a crucial nutrient for everyone's health. Clin Endocrinol. 2012;95(1):6471. Randomized controlled trial of the effect of selenium supplementation on thyroid function in the elderly in the United Kingdom. Lack of association between selenium status and disease severity and activity in patients with Graves Ophthalmopathy. Selenium supplementation in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis decreases thyroid peroxidase antibodies concentrations. But in some studies on people with autoimmune thyroid diseases, selenium supplementation helped slow down the disease and generally reduce the problem (although it wasn't a cure). Shen F, Cai WS, Li JL, et al. I have IBS and take a protonic. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA, 2019 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature, Rayman, M.P., Duntas, L.H. Endocr Rev. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. 2007;388(10):10539. Both forms are good sources, but research has shown that using the organic form of selenium as a supplement may be more effective because your body absorbs more than 90% of organic selenium but only around 50% of the inorganic form. Guastamacchia E, Giagulli VA, Licchelli B, Triggiani V. Selenium and iodine in autoimmune thyroiditis. According to a review published in the Thyroid journal, it can decrease circulating thyroid autoantibodies in patients. Environmental factors and thyroid autoimmunity. I took that for years with no help. This is the transport form of thyroid and is mostly inactive. She is the author of "The Thyroid Diet Revolution.". Rayman MP. Selenium deficiency is associated with hypothyroidism, Hashimoto's, an enlarged . While the odds of a deficiency are pretty low for most, there are some people for whom the risk is greater. Negro R, Greco G, Mangieri T, Pezzarossa A, Dazzi D, Hassan H. The influence of selenium supplementation on postpartum thyroid status in pregnant women with thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies. Bednarek J, Wysocki H, Sowiski J. Oxidative stress peripheral parameters in Graves disease: the effect of methimazole treatment in patients with and without infiltrative ophthalmopathy. Many of the symptoms are therefore the same as those of an underactive thyroid:10,11 hair loss or changes to hair and nails fatigue brain fog , difficulty concentrating or memory problems 2003;95(19):147781. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. Selenium (Se) is a part of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase, which metabolizes hydroperoxides formed from polyunsaturated fatty acids. Blow Pedersen I, Knudsen N, Carl A, et al. Clark LC, Combs GF Jr, Turnbull BW, et al. eCollection 2021. It's essential to thyroid hormone metabolism, reproduction, and DNA synthesis, and it protects you from infection and damage resulting from oxidative stress. 2022 Nov;78(2):219-240. doi: 10.1007/s12020-022-03107-7. | Powered by WordPress, SHBG Test How to Interpret Your Results and What to do With Them, How to Use Liothyronine (T3) in Hypothyroidism, The 9 Best Osteoporosis Natural Treatments. 2. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1559631. Both excessively high and low levels of selenium have been associated in several studies with an increased risk of disease. Eur J Endocrinol. PubMed Xue H, Wang W, Li Y, et al. The site is secure. Before you consider adding handfuls of Brazil nuts to your diet or taking selenium supplements, you should have your selenium levels evaluated by your healthcare provider. There are two forms of selenium: organic (selenomethionine and selenocysteine) and inorganic (selenate and selenite). Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. 2005;37(11):124752. A polymorphism in the promoter region of the selenoprotein S gene (SEPS1) contributes to Hashimotos thyroiditis susceptibility. 2005;38(1):138. A selenium deficiency is associated with a variety of thyroid issues, including:. Zinc and Selenium in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Trace Elements with Key Roles? https://doi.org/10.1093/mutage/ges064. J Endocrinol. 2010;120(12):422035. In this article, I will discuss selenium deficiency and the thyroid, how to know if you are selenium deficient, give you some great food sources of selenium, and discuss how and when you should consider using a supplement. Selenium (Se), an essential trace element, is inserted as selenocysteine into an array of functional proteins and forms the core of various enzymes that play a cardinal role in antioxidant defense mechanisms, in redox regulation, and in thyroid hormone metabolism. Selenium deficiency is commonly associated with vitamin B12 deficiency because they both are affected by poor gut absorption. Selenium deficiency is also associated with male infertility and might play a role in Kashin-Beck disease, a type of osteoarthritis that occurs in certain low-selenium areas of China, Tibet, and Siberia [ 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 22 ]. He is married and has 3 awesome children. The best sources include: Brazil nuts, eggs, sunflower seeds, liver, fish, turkey, chicken breast, chia seeds and mushrooms. The thyroid gland has high amounts of selenium that play an important role in thyroid function. Bookshelf Mutations in the selenocysteine- binding protein 2 (SBP2) gene interfere with the synthesis of selenoproteins thus causing a multisystem selenoprotein deficiency disorder. A meta-analysis of thyroid-related traits reveals novel loci and gender-specific differences in the regulation of thyroid function. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Nutritional prevention of Cancer Study Group. Gene. FASEB J. . Thyroid. Nat Genet. European group on Graves Orbitopathy. Im sorry for your symptoms. As I discussed earlier, selenium is important for the conversion of T4 to T3. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Like most things, you can overdo selenium supplementation as well. 2011;72(2):10813. When using supplements, it is always critical to use a good quality supplement from a respected company that uses quality control standards when making their products. Mol Cell Endocrinol. Minimal impact of excess iodate intake on thyroid hormones and selenium status in older New Zealanders. 2011;396(8):112736. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1012985. Leo M, Bartalena L, Rotondo Dottore G, et al. She is the author of "The Thyroid Diet Revolution.". Perchlorate in water supplies: sources, exposures, and health effects. Deficiency: Since selenium is necessary for carrying out many vital bodily functions, a deficiency in the mineral results in many complications. A review found selenium supplements in daily dosages of 100-300 mcg led to improved thyroid function at 6 months in people with Graves' disease, . Include selenium foods in your diet to help bring levels up. Duntas LH. Along with other inputs like iodine and iron, selenium plays a key role in synthesizing the thyroid hormones that regulate your metabolism. Themes The cells in hair follicles react to this drop in thyroid hormone, and one's hair may fall out abnormally. Rayman MP, Bode P, Redman CWG. The possible thyroid disruptive effect of di-(2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate and the potential protective role of selenium and curcumin nanoparticles: a toxicological and histological study. Inadequate supply of the essential trace element selenium (Se) has been associated with predisposition for, or manifestation of, various human diseases such as Keshan and Kashin-Beck disease, cancer, impaired immune function, neurodegenerative and age-related disorders and disturbances of the thyroid hormone axis. 1 Most Americans easily get the required amount of selenium they need on a daily basis. 1996;276(24):195763. Se and Thyroid Function 351 (range of urine iodide: PKU . 1999 May;81(5):527-33. doi: 10.1016/s0300-9084(99)80105-9. Selenium is an important mineral. Margaret P. Rayman . Your article is the first information I have found ( actually my husband) that mentioned selenium as a possible cause. Mary Shomon is a writer and hormonal health and thyroid advocate. In the same study, researchers demonstrated that thyroid peroxidase levels decreased by nearly 40% in these patients, with 9 out of 36 patients in the group ending the study with . Three female children presented with different clinical symptoms that could be related to impaired thyroid function. 2010;46(4):389-399. Adequate selenium in the horse's body helps in maintaining a healthy muscular, thyroid, and immune system. Schoenmakers E, Agostini M, Mitchell C, et al. 2011;35(7):15405. 2003;19(3-4):137-43. doi: 10.1002/biof.5520190306. Clinical and molecular characterization of a novel selenocysteine insertion sequence-binding protein 2 (SBP2) gene mutation (R128X). He has over 20 years experience in private practice managing patients with various medical issues. PubMed Endocr Rev. CAS Without a doubt, it is always safest to use food to increase nutrient levels in our body. If selenium deficiency is truly the cause of your hair loss, the hair should grow back. In: Luster, M., Duntas, L., Wartofsky, L. (eds) The Thyroid and Its Diseases. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. "Selenium is well-known to protect the thyroid," said study author . https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-008-8296-3. Stagnaro-Green A. We go to great lengths to help users better understand their health; however, the content on this blog is not a substitute for medical guidance. The .gov means its official. the effect of selenium (Se) supplementation on thyroid hormone metabolism in humans has only been reported in the very peculiar nutritional environment of Central Africa, where combined severe . Mol Endocrinol. Low serum selenium levels also increased the risk for multiple thyroid nodules in women. J Clin Invest. At a minimum, you should look at these micronutrients as possible culprits: iron, zinc, selenium, and biotin. Accessed 12 Apr 2016. Common variation in the DIO2 gene predicts baseline psychological well-being and response to combination thyroxine plus triiodothyronine therapy in hypothyroid patients. When it is healthy, it produces the hormones that regulate many bodily functions: the body's metabolism rate. 2006;155(2):21928. PubMed https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2009.08.002. Schomburg L, Kohrle J. Selenium deficiency and thyroid fibrosis. She is the founder of the Center for Hormonal Health and Well-Being in San Diego, California. Epub 2022 Jun 20. 2003 Jun;11(2):107-13. PLoS Genet. Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. 2011;364(20):192031. Annu Rev Nutr. The only exceptions would be if you have poor absorption from chronic digestive tract conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, IBS, Celiac diease, etc. 2005 Dec;26(7):944-84. doi: 10.1210/er.2001-0034. The Institute of Medicine recommends adults consume 150 micrograms of iodine per day. Other foods with good selenium content include: It's always best to start with natural food sources such as these. 2002;87(4):1687-1691. Vaghari-Tabari M, Jafari-Gharabaghlou D, Sadeghsoltani F, Hassanpour P, Qujeq D, Rashtchizadeh N, Ghorbanihaghjo A. Biol Trace Elem Res. Quantitative data on the magnitude of the systemic inflammatory response and its effect on micronutrient status based on plasma measurements. One clear pattern on you thyroid labs that can indicate selenium deficiency is a high or high/normal Free T4 but low or low/normal Free T3 with a . Selenoproteins involved in cellular antioxidative defence systems and redox control, such as the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and the thioredoxin reductase (TxnRd) family, are involved in protection of the thyroid gland from excess hydrogen peroxide and reactive oxygen species produced by the follicles for biosynthesis of thyroid hormones. Knezevic J, Starchl C, Tmava Berisha A, Amrein K. Nutrients. However, if a patient continues to have signs or symptoms of selenium deficiency, it can be checked to make sure they are absorbing the selenium from their food or supplements. While nutritional Se supply is normally sufficient for adequate expression of functional Dio enzymes with exception of long-term parenteral nutrition and certain diseases impairing gastrointestinal absorption of Se compounds, the nutritional Se supply for the protection of the thyroid gland and synthesis of some more abundant selenoproteins of the GPx and the TrxR family might be limiting their proper expression under (patho-)physiological conditions. 2009;301(1):3951. If there is a selenium deficiency and attempts are . Source: Ann Ist Super Sanita. Duntas LH. . Selenium Deficiency. My preferred brand for supplementing selenium is below: May reduce antibodies in patients with Hashimoto's, Helps boost T4 to T3 conversion (helpful in those with high reverse T3). Replacing low selenium levels has been shown to improve hair growth and nail growth. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.08-119370. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;52(11):123546. Thyroid. 2009;19(3):27781. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. How long does it take for selenium to help thyroid? Dr. Whelchel is a family physician who specializes in functional medicine, especially hormone optimization. I apply selenium and iodine to my plants when watering I also filter my water 3 times It is of my opinion that many physicians are not helping with ways that could help their patients as it relates to how many sources of exposure to fluorides that are antagonist to the thyroid IF, we have underactive thyroid glandular health risks.. Mutations in the selenocysteine-. PubMed Central Selenium Deficiency. 2008;413(1):15161. Your hair is falling out at an alarming rate Everyone loses a certain amount of hair each day, but it's usually not enough to clog the shower drain. Se deficiency has been associated with a variety of thyroid diseases, including myxoedematous cretinism, goitre, thyroid autoimmune disease and cancer. If you have a selenium deficiency, it is also important to look for other micronutrient deficiencies such as iron, zinc and iodine. The essential nutrient selenium (Se), which is incorporated as selenocysteine in an array of selenoproteins, is characterised by a wide range of actions that render this trace element indispensable for numerous biological functions and hence for health. Muscle weakness. Summarizing the different observational studies at hand, it becomes apparent that Se deficiency is a risk factor for increased thyroid gland volume, hypothyroidism, HT, thyroid nodules and associated health problems, and a population-wide approach as taken in Finland would likely reduce AID incidence and disease load in many areas of the world. J Endocrinol. Gatseva PD, Argirova MD. Part of Springer Nature. The trace element selenium and the thyroid gland. However Herd was much better. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Selenium deficiency is known to cause problems for many systems of the body including the cardiovascular system, the immune system and the endocrine system. Sengupta A, Carlson BA, Weaver JA, Novoselov SV, Fomenko DE, Gladyshev VN, et al. I take a daily vitamin that has selenium and zinc. How to Naturally Lower Cholesterol Levels, selenium in the presence of low iodine levels, okay to take iodine if you have Hashimoto's, possible increased risk of prostate cancer. PMC Khrle J, Jakob F, Contempr B, Dumont JE. J Clin Invest. More than 30% of subjects in the low-selenium area had thyroid disease compared with 18% of those in the adequate-selenium area. Santos LR, Duraes C, Mendes A, Prazeres H, Alvelos MI, Moreira CS, et al. The association between serum levels of selenium, copper, and magnesium with thyroid cancer: a meta-analysis. 2007;147(4):21723. According to a 2011 study, people with mild TED who took selenium supplements had reduced symptoms compared with those who took a placebo (inactive pill). Verywell Health articles are reviewed by board-certified physicians and healthcare professionals. How much selenium should I take for hyperthyroidism? 2013;2013:651517. Selenium deficiency has been shown to directly impair thyroid hormone production from the thyroid gland and it may reduce the peripheral conversion of T4 thyroid hormone into the active T3 thyroid hormone (9). A selenium deficiency coupled with an iodine deficiency is likely to lead to thyroid imbalance. Selenium and the course of mild Graves orbitopathy. Thyroid. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Horm Metab Res. Selenium and thyroid function. International Journal of Endocrinology. Keshan Disease - A form of congestive cardiomyopathy caused by both Selenium deficiency and the presence of a mutated strain of . Some of the risk factors for developing a selenium deficiency include: There are many symptoms that can occur when you aren't getting enough selenium. Liu Y, Huang H, Zeng J, Sun C. Thyroid volume, goiter prevalence, and selenium levels in an iodine-sufficient area: a cross-sectional study. Has it helped? Selenium and human health. Limbic Perfusion Is Reduced in Patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS). 1993;69(2):57788. . and transmitted securely. You should also get a complete thyroid panel. 2016. 8600 Rockville Pike It also can cause your nails to get brittle and crack easily. Healthyhormones.us does not intend to provide medical advice. 2013;23(9):107986. J Am Diet Assoc. Thyroid hormone is responsible for the regulation of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. Nat Genet. Azevedo MF, Barra GB, Naves LA, et al. Hypothyroidism - Without sufficient Selenium intake your thyroid cannot produce the T3 hormone, also known as triiodothyronine (and yes, that's spelled correctly), our bodies need to function properly. 2008;42(9):6403. Severe fatigue due to valproate-induced hypothyroidism in a case of bipolar disorder. The thyroid gland has the highest concentration of selenium of any organ in . J Thyroid Res. A severe selenium deficiency is characterized by cardiomyopathy, while a moderate deficiency usually results in symptoms such as muscular weakness and pain (7), along with dry skin (8). 1995;133(1):99109. Ganther HE. 2013;10(13):1153. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-1153. It's also added to foods to fortify them and can be taken as a dietary supplement. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. PubMed https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-015-0304-9. Without selenium, the production of the thyroid hormone is reduced (Ventura, 2017). Negro R, Attanasio R, Grimaldi F, et al. Typical selenium deficiency symptoms therefore include: disturbed thyroid function male fertility problems susceptibility to infection weight loss constipation headache memory disorders sleep disorders Selenium is a powerful antioxidant which reduces oxidative stress and can modulate the immune system. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Mutagenesis. I typically recommend supplementing for only a few months (3-6) which should restore the levels in the body to the optimal range. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Driscoll DM, Copeland PR. He grew up in the Texas Panhandle where he currently lives. 27, 33 The roles of zinc, vitamin D, and vitamin A in thyroid function are beyond the scope of this review, but the complex . Safe range of iodine intake levels: a comparative study of thyroid diseases in three women population cohorts with slightly different iodine intake levels. Lippman SM, Klein EA, Goodman PJ, Lucia MS, Thompson IM, Ford LG, et al. The upper tolerable level of selenium intake is set to 400 g per day in the USA[6] and 300 g per day in the EU[7]. Intestinal, digestive, or absorption issues like Crohn's disease, Living in an area with selenium-deficient soil, Having human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Compromised immune system, resulting in getting sick more often, Seafood, such as shrimp, sardines, salmon, halibut, and tuna, Meats like beef steak, beef liver, ground beef, and ham. Increased thyroid volume and frequency of thyroid disorders signs in schoolchildren from nitrate polluted area. Meanwhile, your hypothyroid symptoms continue to worsen because you are low in active thyroid hormone. 2009;23(6):175865. 2002;284(13):22735. Long-term supplementation with selenate and selenomethionine: selenium and glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) in blood components of New Zealand women. Nat Rev Endocrinol. Let's discuss some of the big ones below: Selenium deficiency is common in patients that have chronic digestive issues such as Crohn's disease, Celiac disease, etc. Your body only needs a smidgen of selenium each day, but it supports your health in some big ways: proper. Grtner R, Gasnier BC, Dietrich JW, et al. Two conditions are associated with severe selenium deficiency: 1) Keshan disease, a type of cardiomyopathy, or disease of heart muscle, and 2) Kashin-Beck disease, a form of osteoarthritis. Selenium has been shown in studies that it reduces autoimmune inflammation in patients with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. 2008;87(2):3708. When iodine deficiency goes hand-in-hand with selenium deficiency, it's essential to treat both nutrient deficits to restore the thyroid to . World J Surg. J Endocrinol. Excess selenium can cause a variety of symptoms, including GI upset, white blotchy nails, hair loss, fatigue, irritability, and mild nerve damage. [Infantile and juvenile hypothyroidism with the gland in place and low radio-iodide uptake]. 2013;28(2):12734. Google Scholar. Effect of selenium supplementation on recurrent hyperthyroidism caused by Graves disease: a prospective pilot study. There is a lab test to measure the selenium level in the body, specifically in the red blood cells. I do not routinely check this on patients. 2005;64(4):52742. Selenium deficiency, which is quite common among thyroid patients, can lead to problems including thyroid gland inflammation, an increased risk of developing thyroid autoimmunity, and changes to your free thyroid hormone levels. Selenium helps convert T4 to T3 by removing one iodine molecule through the selenium-containing iodothyronine deiodinase molecule. The association between selenium and other micronutrients and thyroid cancer incidence in the NIH-AARP diet and health study. A key role for macrophages and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta). Rayman MP, Thompson AJ, Bekaert B, Catterick J, Galassini R, Hall E, et al. Trimester-specific reference ranges for thyroid hormones in Iranian pregnant women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. J Natl Cancer Inst. [1] 2005;184(3):45565. 2012;2012:6. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/736161. For instance, I am personally allergic to brazil nuts and I don't have a big fondness for fish (unfortunately). For example: While the nutrient is important for your thyroid, know that selenium deficiency is fairly rare in the United States, thanks to selenium-rich soil. Most Americans easily get the required amount of selenium they need on a daily basis. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Keep in mind that if you choose to supplement with selenium, you should calculate your dietary intake, and be sure to count any selenium in multivitamins and supplements so that your daily intake doesn't exceed the 400 mcg daily recommended upper intake level. . CrossRef Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Kohrle J, Jakob F, Contempre B, Dumont JE. 7. Biochem J. Laboratory tests revealed no pathological findings, except latent hypothyroidism and selenium deficiency. Do you think you have a selenium deficiency? 2020 Jun 12;12(6):1769. doi: 10.3390/nu12061769. Duntas LH, Benvenga S. Selenium: an element for life. https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.12185. 2010;62(1):6673. Se deficiency has been associated with a variety of thyroid diseases, including myxoedematous cretinism, goitre, thyroid autoimmune disease and cancer. eCollection 2020. In adults, the thyroid is the organ that has the highest concentration of selenium in the body, and this mineral plays a key role in your thyroid glands ability to produce thyroid hormone. Having an optimal amount of selenium in your diet is vital not just for preventing thyroid disease, but for your overall health. J Endocrinol Investig. PubMed Central 2000 Sep-Oct;381(9-10):849-64. doi: 10.1515/BC.2000.107. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2009-2611. Multiple nutritional factors and the risk of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Selenium in soil and endemic diseases in China. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Hypothyroidism, which can be indicative of a selenium deficiency in an affected individual, is a condition characterized by an inability of the thyroid gland to produce an adequate amount of thyroid hormone. Curr Environ Health Rep. 2016. 2013;9(2):e1003266. The evolving role of selenium in the treatment of Graves disease and ophthalmopathy. Gladyshev VN, Arnr ES, Berry MJ, et al. This is because selenium plays a huge role in increasing antioxidant levels in the body. Khrle J. Selenium and the thyroid. Iodothyronine deiodinase structure and function: from ascidians to humans. Role of Selenium Deficiency in Pediatrics with Acquired Hypothyroidism. Sometimes this can be felt as a lump in the throat or a cough. What to Know About Selenium and Your Thyroid. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.111.023812. Dehina N, Hofmann PJ, Behrends T, et al. Se deficiency has been associated with a variety of thyroid diseases, including myxoedematous cretinism, goitre, thyroid autoimmune disease and cancer. Biofactors. If you have chronic digestive issues, there is a good chance that you have inadequate selenium levels. Toulis KA, Anastasilakis AD, Tzellos TG, et al. In case of selenium deficiency, the excessive amounts of Hydrogen peroxide generated led to immoderate production of T4 and damage of thyroid cells. Selenium supplementation in the treatment of Hashimotos thyroiditis: a systematic review and a meta-analysis. Acta Endocrinol (Buchar). Selenium is needed for the proper function of the deiodinase enzymes which perform the conversion process. Biochimie. The Danish investigation on iodine intake and thyroid disease, DanThyr: status and perspectives. Selenium is important for the proper functioning of your thyroid gland. For such a small gland, the thyroid gland is very important. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help 2008;121(1):2330. https://doi.org/10.1159/000442440. Mutation in human selenocysteine transfer RNA selectively disrupts selenoprotein synthesis. Bear with me as I quickly describe the science behind selenium and its important role in the body. Petricca D, Nacamulli D, Mian C, et al. 2015;47(10):7216. 2014;28(4):495506. CAS Selenium deficiency might also affect cognitive functioning, but again, more research is needed in this area. Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient present in human diet, entering in the composition of selenoproteins as selenocysteine (Se-Cys) amino acid. Effects of selenium on short-term control of hyperthyroidism due to Graves disease treated with methimazole: results of a randomized clinical trial. Effects of selenium supplementation for cancer prevention in patients with carcinoma of the skin. Moravej H, Rakhshandehroo S, Ilkhanipoor H, Amirhakimi A, Rostami K, Yazdani N, Moghtaderi M, Mazlumi-Abrazgah S. Int J Prev Med. Leoni SG, Kimura ET, Santisteban P, De la Vieja A. 2003;23:1740. JAMA. There is plenty of evidence that shows that low iodine is a huge cause of thyroid disease worldwide. Curran JE, Jowett JB, Elliott KS, et al. Selenium metabolism, selenoproteins and mechanisms of cancer prevention: complexities with thioredoxin reductase. I will search. 2016 Dec;26(12):16811692. Beckett GJ, Arthur JR. Selenium and endocrine systems. Ventura M, Melo M, Carrilho F. Selenium and thyroid disease: From pathophysiology to treatment. 2011;41(2):1907. Additionally, selenium is also essential for the conversion of T4 to T3, as deiodinase enzymes (those enzymes that remove iodine atoms from T4 during conversion) are selenium-dependent. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Biol Trace Elem Res. Would you like email updates of new search results? [5] Causes [ edit] Accessibility Fairweather-Tait SJ, Bao Y, Broadley MR, Collings R, Ford D, Hesketh JE, et al. Antioxid Redox Signal. Genetic abnormalities in thyroid hormone deiodinases. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the A randomized controlled trial. Selenium is responsible for the properly recycling of iodine in the body, so a person with too little selenium as well as too little iodine is much more likely to develop a significant thyroid imbalance. Duncan A, Talwar D, McMillan DC, et al. Low selenium status is associated with the occurrence of the pregnancy disease preeclampsia in women from the United Kingdom. Eur J Endocrinol. At the thyroid level, these proteins play an important role as antioxidant and in hormone metabolism. Di Cosmo C, McLellan N, Liao XH, et al. As an essential trace mineral, selenium has wide-ranging health benefits for the human body, but primarily for thyroid health. FOIA Selenium in human health and disease. Google Scholar. My hair has been falling out for several months, and is now quite thin. Food-chain selenium and human health: emphasis on intake. Biol Trace Elem Res. CrossRef Laurberg P, Jorgensen T, Perrild H, Ovesen L, Knudsen N, Pedersen IB, et al. In areas with severe selenium deficiency there is a higher incidence of thyroiditis due to a decreased activity of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity within thyroid cells. Rayman MP. Though this isn't a routine test if you have thyroid disease (it's usually performed only if a selenium deficiency or toxicity is suspected), you or your healthcare provider may want to check your levels at some point to make sure they're within normal limits. Thyroid. National Institutes of Health. Several associations have been established between an individual's selenium status and HPT hormone levels. Generally, selenium acts as an antioxidant that works with vitamin E. Some epidemiologic studies associate low . Eschler DC, Hasham A, Tomer Y. Eur J Endocrinol. Am J Clin Nutr. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 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